UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage

UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage

UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Drainage Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage InText Questions and Answers

Activity and In-text Questions Find Out (Page No. 17)

Question 1.
Which river has the largest basin in India ?
Answer:
River Ganga has the largest basin in India.

Find Out (Page No. 22)

Question 1.
The name of the biggest waterfall in India.
Answer:
Jog waterfalls on the river Kaveri is the biggest waterfall in India.

Activity (Page No. 23)

Question 1.
Make a list of natural and artificial lakes with the help of the altas.
Answer:

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Drainage Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises Of Ncert (Page No. 23)

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) In which of the following states is the Wular lake located ?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Jammu and Kashmir
Answer:
(d) Jammu and Kashmir

(ii) The river Narmada has its source at –
(a) Satpura
(b) Brahmagiri
(c) Amarkantak
(d) Slopes of the Western Ghats
Answer:
(c) Amarkantak

(iii) Which one of the following lakes is a salt water lake?
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Answer:
(a) Sambhar

(lv) Which one of the following is the longest river of the Peninsular India ?
(a) Narmada
(b) Krishna
(c) Godavari
(d) Mahanadi
Answer:
(c) Godavari

(v) Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley ?
(a) Mahanadi
(b) Tungabhadra
(c) Krishna
(d) Tapi
Answer:
(d) Tapi

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly :
(i) What is meant by a water divide? Give an example.
Answer:
An elevated area, such as a mountain or an upland, separating two drainage basins, is known as a water divide. Example: Ambala is located on the water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.

(ii) Which is the largest river basin in India ?
Answer:
The largest river basin in India is the Ganga basin.

(iii) Where do the rivers Indus and Ganga have their origin?
Answer:
The river Indus rises near the Mansarovar lake in Tibet. The river Ganga rises from the Gangotri glacier in the Himalayas.

(iv) Name the two headstreams of the Ganga. Where do they meet to form the Ganga ?
Answer:
The two main headstreams of the Ganga are Bhagirathi and Alaknanda. They meet at Devprayag in Uttarakhand.

(v) Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part have less silt, despite a longer course ?
Answer:
The Brahmaputra river carries less silt and water in its Tibetan part because, it flows through mountainous and rocky area where the rainfall is very less.

(vi) Which two Peninsular rivers flow through trough?
Answer:
The two Peninsular rivers which flow through trough are the Narmada and the Tapi. They form estuaries while entering the sea.

(vii) State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes. [Annual Exam. 2007) Or What is the importance of lakes for human beings? (2013-ZZRO-95) Or What is a lake ? Explain the importance of lakes. (2016-RZ7QHJ7, MVTCFAN, TIPH75U; 2015-2A6YC2Q: 2014-62C52DP; 2013-JGISA7G; 2012-46) Or ‘Lakes are of great value to human beings.’ Justify the statement with three suitable reasons. (2016-3KITSPB, E08X2RK, S16SS10; 2015-LYVE7PI, QJARA79; 2014-JMFKYFK; 2013-BK8GX5R; 2012-42)
Answer:
The economic benefits of lakes and rivers are Economic benefits of rivers :
(1) Majority of population depends on agriculture. Rivers have played the most important role in the agriculture economy of India by providing water for drinking, irrigation, navigation and generating hydro-electricity.
(2) Rivers plains and irrigation facilities in India allow to grow such a variety of food and cash crops and carry on many other agricultural activities.

Economic benefits of lakes :
(1) Lake is a body of water that lies in a hollow in the earth’s surface and is entirely surrounded by land.
(2) Importance of Lakes :
(i) A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river.
(ii) During heavy rainfall, lakes prevent flooding by containing excess flood water.
(iii) During the dry season, lakes help in maintaining an even flow of water.
(iv) Lakes can also be used to generate hydro-electric power.
(v) They have a moderating influence on the climate of the surrounding region.
(vi) They provide an ideal habitat to maintain the aquatic system.
(vii) They enhance the natural beauty of the regions in which they occur.
(viii) Lakes help in developing tourism and providing recreation for the people.

Question 3.
Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories – natural and created by human beings.
Answer:

Question 4.
Discuss the significant differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular rivers. Or Differentiate between the Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers. (2016-NS5WIB3, 53G75NF; 2016-B7FZNH8, YHSC4QG, 2014-JLS716W) Or Compare the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers. (2019-KVSLUK) Or Give any three differences between Peninsular and Himalayan rivers. (2013-ZO10EZY; 2011-480029, 36; 2010-980707-A1, 709-A1, 710-B2)
Answer:
The Peninsular rivers :
(1) These rivers are compara tively short or have shorter course.
(2) The major Peninsular rivers like the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are joined by compara tively shorter tributaries.
(3) These rivers are generally seasonal in character as they are only rain-fed.
(4) They form both deltas and estuaries. Their deltas are smaller.
(5) The peninsular rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal as well as the Arabian Sea.

The Himalayan rivers :
(1) These rivers are compara-tively long or have longer course.
(2) The major Himalayan rivers like the Ganga and the Indus are joined by large tribu taries.
(3) These rivers are perennial because, they are both rainfed and snow-fed.
(4) They carry more silt and form the world’s largest delta, called the Sunderban delta (The Ganga’.Brahma putra delta).
(5) The Himalayan rivers iii India flow into the Bay of Bengal.

Question 5.
Compare the east-flowing and the west-flowing rivers of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
(1) East-flowing rivers : The major east-flowing rivers, such as Godavari, Krishna and the Kaveri rise in the Western Ghats and drain into the Bay of Bengal. All these rivers form deltas as they enter the sea.
(2) West-flowing rivers : The Narmada and Tapi are the two west-flowing rivers. They fall into the Arabian Sea. These rivers form estuaries. 6.

Question 6.
Why are rivers important for the country’s economy? Or ‘Rivers are very important for development of India.’ Explain. (2010-980709-C1) Or Explain any three reasons for the significance of rivers for the economy of a country. (2014-QCQRTYH; 2012-50, 57, 61, 77, 82) Or Explain the major role played by the rivers in the economy of a country. (2015-AWKSV20, DYOQZ5Z, Q94FL4C) Or Why are river important for country’s economy? (2015-ZZ95) Or Describe the role of rivers in the Indian economy. (2015-QXS5LCO, PHSROLH)
Answer:
(1) Water is life. It is essential for various human activities, such as bathing, drinking, cleaning, watering plants, etc.
(2) River basins in India as elsewhere, provide the best agricultural lands. Agriculture is still the mainstay of the Indian economy.
(3) River water is used for providing perennial irrigation (by canals) facilities in a monsoon country like India.
(4) Multi-purpose dams (e.g., the Bhakra-Nangal Dam) have been constructed on the Indian rivers to provide increasing irrigation facilities, hydro-electric power development, navigation, afforestation, etc.
(5) River basins in India, such as the Ganga basin, are the most densely populated parts of the country. River transport has helpe in the industrial development as well.

Topicwise Questions Introduction

1 Mark Question (Objective Type)

Question 1.
River system of an area is termed as: (CBSE-SA-I-2012-45)
(a) Drainage basin
(b) Drainage
(c) Water divide
(d) Lake
Answer:
(a) Drainage basin

3/5 Marks Questions

Question 2.
Explain the term ‘water divide’ with example. What is its significance ? (2015-HBO5MLD; 2014-3VZQZ4N; 2013-9FUST3T, GSDELB)
Answer:
(1) Any elevated area such as a mountain or an upland separating two drainage basins, is known as a water divide.
(2) Ambala is located on the water divide, between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.
(3) (i) In a hilly country, the divide lies along topographical ridges.
(ii) In a flat country, the divide may be harder to discern.

Question 3.
Define -‘Water Divide’. Which place is water divide for Ganga and Indus river systems. Name the major distributary of river Gangar. (2015-PZLN6EM; 2014-QCQRTYH) Or What is meant by water divide ? Give an example.
Answer:
(1) Any elevated area such as a mountain or an upland which separates two drainage basins is called a water divide.
(2) Ambala is a water divide for Ganga and Indus river systems.
(3) The Bhagirathi-Hooghly is the major distributary of river Ganga.

Drainage Systems In India

1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)

Question 1.
The Satluj, the Ravi, the Beas, the Chennab and the Jhelum are tributaries of which of the following rivers ?
(2012-CBSE-SA-I-25)
(a) The Ganga river
(b) The Indus river
(c) The Brahmaputra river
(d) The Godavari river
Answer:
(b) The Indus river

Question 2.
Which one amongst the following rivers forms esturies? (2012-CBSE-SA-I-34)
(a) Ganga
(b) Indus
(c) Narmada
(d) Kaveri
Answer:
(c) Narmada

Question 3.
Which of the following groups of rivers is of Peninsular rivers ?
(a) River Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra
(b) River Mahanadi, Krishna, Indus
(c) River Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna
(d) River Mahanadi, Krishna, Indus (2012-CBSE-SA-I-37, 44)
Answer:
(c) River Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna 3/5 Marks Questions

Question 4.
Explain any three main features of the Brahmaputra river system. (2016-LGFI210) Or Describe the three main features of river Brahmaputra. (CBSE, 2010, 980707-B1, 980720-C1)
Answer:
The three features of river Brahmaputra are as under:
(1) It originates in the eastern part of the Lake Mansarovar in Tibet with the name of Tsang-Po, takes the name Brahmaputra and it is named as Jamuna in Bangladesh before meeting the Padma, a distributary of river Ganga.
(2) It flows parallel to the Himalayas in Tibet and takes a bend, entering into Arunachal Pradesh.
(3) It forms very deep and steep gorges while flowing through the north-east of India and forms the World’s largest delta with river Ganga as Sundarban, at the confluence of the Bay of Bengal.

Question 5.
What is Drainage ? Compare the east-flowing and westflowing rivers of peninsular plateau. Distinguish between the east-flowing and the westflowing rivers of Peninsular India. (2013-GSDELB) Or Explain any three differences between east-flowing peninsular rivers and west-flowing peninsular rivers. (2016-A8X7XOP, KZPTGXS, MN85LOV: 2014-ET9TF90; 2012-36) Or Name one east-flowing and one west-flowing peninsular river. Explain any two points of distinction between them. (2016-3TBKNR, QICDV8U, WPIEGH9; 2015-Q94FLAC, 2012-43)
Answer:
Drainage : The term drainage describes the river system of an area.
(1) The east-flowing rivers make deltas at their mouths, whereas west-flowing rivers make estuaries.
(2) The east-flowing rivers flow east of the Western Ghats, whereas the west-flowing rivers flow west to the Western Ghats.
(3) The east-flowing rivers fall into the Bay of Bengal, whereas the west-flowing rivers fall into the Arabian Sea.
(4) The east-flowing rivers are large and flow long distances, whereas the west-flowing rivers are small and swift.
(5) Mahanadi and Godavari are examples of east-flowing rivers, whereas Narmada and Tapi are examples of west-flowing rivers.

Question 6.
How are tributaries different from distributaries? (2014-EMPIETA: 2013-DTEARK) Or Differentiate between tributaries and distributaries. (2016-MN85LOV, C7Z73VH; 2015-NGXU77W; 2014-DK0864D)
Answer:
(1) Tributaries are referred to as those rivers which join the main river. For example, the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi are tributaries of the river Ganga. They lead to increase in the volume of water in the main river.

(2) Due to the huge amount of water and load of silt, the main river bifurcates. It leads to the formation of distributary. The Bhagirathi-Hooghly is a distributary, formed due to bifurcation of river Ganga.

Question 7.
Why is the Godavari river also known as ‘Dakshin Ganga’? (2015-MZKAFXA) Or Which river is known as Dakshin Ganga’? State any two characteristics of it. (2016-WPIEGH9, T1FJYAV: 2015-GMJDTVL: 2014-155F2ZH) Or Highlight any three important characteristics of the Godavari Basin. (2016-5PHRWYW, SOLDZXN; 2015-OEROGID)
Answer:
(1) The Godavari is the largest peninsular river.
(2) Its drainage basin is also the largest among the peninsular rivers. The basin covers parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
(3) The Godavari is joined by a number of tributaries such as the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Penganga.
(4) Because of its length and the area it covers, it is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

Question 8.
Describe any three features of the Himalayan rivers. (2015-V8R1UQW; 2012-35, 37) Or Write any three common features of the Himalayan rivers. (2016-S16SS10) Or Explain the main features of the rivers originating from the Himalayas. (2016-8RUI8LO, CJYDMOR, AOYFCNR, 7DNOOZV; 2014-5V3N2CB, 2012-47)
Answer:
(1) Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year.
(2) The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea.
(3) They perform intensive erosional activity in their apper courses and carry huge loads of silt and sand.
(4) They have cut through the mountains making gorges.
(5) They also have well-developed deltas.

Question 9.
Explain any five features of the Ganga river system. (2014-ZZDR95; 2013-GSDELB) Or Mention any three features of the Ganga river. (2016-817SHOE) Or Describe the three main features of the Ganga river system. (2016-B94Z6TH; 2015-AFTMKWGF, NIHGF4C; 2011-480041; 2010-980707-A2)
Answer:
(1) The Ganga river is over 2,500 km long. It is India’s longest and the important river.
(2) It has many tributaries joining it from both sides and forming the Ganga river basin. It has dendritic (tree-like) drainage pattern.
(3) The Ganga rises in the Himalayas from the Gangotri glacier. Its main headstream ‘Bhagirathi’ is joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand
(4) At Haridwar, the Ganga emerges from the Himalayas onto the plains the Northern Plains. Flowing through Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, it falls in the Bay of Bengal.
(5) Its delta (i.e., the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta) is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. It is called the Sunderban Delta.

LAKES

1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)

Question 1.
Which one of the following is a salt water lake? (2012-CBSE-SA-1–49, 54, 60)
(a) Sambhar
(b) Dal
(c) Wular
(d) Gobind Sagar
Answer:
(a) Sambhar

Question 2.
Which one of the following lakes differs from the rest in the group ?
(a) The Dal Lake
(b) The Nainital Lake
(c) The Guru Gobind Sagar
(d) The Bhimtal Lake (2010-CBSE-SA-I-980701-CÚ)
Answer:
(c) The Guru Gobind Sagar

Question 3.
Which isthe largest fresh water lake in India ?
(a) The Wular Lake
(b) The Bal Lake
(c) Bhimtal
(d) Nainital
(2011—CBSE—SA-l—2012–4l, 63; 480038, 40, 45; 2010—980707-BI, 709-Al)
Answer:
(a) The Wular ‘Lake

3/5 Marks Questions

Question 4.
Differentiate between fresh water lakes and salt water lakes giving examples of each. (2016-O9H4VJD, 3HGMAQU, MVTCFAH; 2015-OR158KJ; 2014-QCQRTYH; 2013-ADHI3LY)
Answer:
(1) Fresh water lakes :
(i) Fresh water lakes are mostly found in the Himalayan region.
(ii) They are of glacial origin which means that they were formed when glaciers dug out a basin which was later filled with snowmelt.
(iii) The Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir is the result of the tectonic activity.
(iv) The Dal lake, Bhimtal, Nainitai, Loktak and Barapani are some other important fresh water lakes.

(2) Salt water lakes :
(i) Spits and bars form lagoons in the coastal areas, e.g., the Chilika lake, the Pulicat lake, the Kolleru lake are the salt water lakes.
(ii) Lakes in the regions of inland drainage are the salt water lakes, e.g., the Sambhar lake in Rajasthan. Its water is used for
producing salt.

Question 5.
Differentiate between the perm inent and seasonal lakes giving examples of each. (2016-FNJ96ZS, RF85KRN, CIE8GO4; 2014.MTECNH3; 2013.239FY1P, 16ÐO11R)
Answer:
(1) Permanent lakes :
(i) Permanent lakes contain water throughout the year.
(ii) These lakes are of glacial origin. They were formed when glaciers dug out a basin which was later filled rith snowmelt.
(iii) For example, the Wular lake, Da! lake, Bhimtal, Nainital,
etc. ,
(2) Seasonal lakes :
(i) Seasonal lakes contain water only during the rainy season.
(ii) The lakes in the basin of inland drainage of semi-arid regions are seasonal in nature.

Role Of Rivers In The Economy

3/5 Marks Question

Question 1.
“Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout the human history’. Justify this statement in three points. (2016-ZEDLIDI, LIUCE4L; 2015-2A6YC2Q; 2014-K59PTTH; 2013-9FU8T3T) Or Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout human history. How do rivers affect the economy of country ? Explain. (2012-41; 2010-980715-A1)
Answer:
(1) Water is life. It is a basic natural resource. It is important for meeting most of the basic needs of man.
(2) Historically, river valleys have been the centres of world’s earliest civilizations, e.g., the Nile Valley Civilization, the Indus Valley Civilization, etc.
(3) Rivers have built flood plains and deltas which provide fertile soil for agriculture. They provide arable land.
(4) River valleys are the world’s most densely populated regions as they provide the best agricultural lands and water supplies. An example is provided by the Ganga basin or plain in India.
(5) Majority of population depends on agriculture here. Rivers have played the most important role in the agricultural economy of India by providing water for drinking, irrigation, navigation and generating hydro-electricity.
(6) River plains and irrigation facilities in India allow to grow a variety of food and cash crops and carry on many other agricultural activities.
(7) Rivers are also the rich resource of bio-diversity,

River Pollution

3/5 Marks Questions

Question 1.
How do rapid urbanisation and industrialisation cause river pollution? (2016-2ZJXX59, 20YP50W; 2015-00GI2TB; 2014-9SQ9292: 2013-1EPFTK2)
Answer:
(1) The growing demand of water from rivers for domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural purposes affects the quality of water. As a result, more and more water is being drained out of the rivers reducing their volume.
(2) A heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are drained into the rivers. This affects the quality of water as well as the self-cleansing capacity of the river.
(3) For example : The Ganga water is able to dilute and assimilate pollution loads within 20 km of large cities. But the increasing urbanisation and industrialisation do not allow it to happen and thus pollution level of many rivers has been rising.

Question 2.
Suggest any three measures to control the river pollution. (2013-GSDELB) Or Suggest any three measures to check river pollution. (2016-CIESG04) Or Explain any three causes of river pollution in India. (2016-TIPH75U; 2015-KQVF01X)
Answer:
(1) Causes of River Pollution :
(i) Discharge of the following wastes into the rivers : heavy load of untreated urban or municipal sewage, untreated industrial and agricultural wastes comprising pesticides, insecticides and chemical fertilizers, in the form of surface run-off.
(ii) Besides the above mentioned waste disposal methods, largescale wallowing (rolling about) of cattle and throwing of dead bodies into the rivers also spoil the water.
(iii) The draining out of more water from a river reduces its volume and makes it unhygienic to use.

(2) Ways to overcome river pollution :
(i) Various ‘action plans’ have been started to clean the rivers. Examples: the Ganga Action Plan, the Yamuna Action Plan, etc.
(ii) Emphasis is on going for technologies for reducing the wastage of water and promoting recycling, improvement of water quality, etc.
(iii) Steps are being taken to divert raw sewage or effluents flown into the river to other locations for treatment and conversion into energy sources and chemicals.
(iv) The degradable and non-degradable wastes (e.g., plastic bags) should be disposed off in separate garbage bins for treatment.

Question 3.
Explain the National River Conservation Plan (NRCPY in brief. (2011-480013, 42; 2010-980710-A1)
Or
Describe the major steps taken by the government of India to control the pollution level in River Ganga. (2016-471H577, 6XYPJ4P, 3VJEUUZ; 2015-J3DZQN4, 07QW5E0)
Answer:
(1) The Central Ganga Authority was set up in 1985. It laid down the policies for works to be taken under the Ganga Action Plan (GAP), Phasel.
(2) It aimed at Ganga’s pollution control by diverting raw sewage flowing into the river to other locations for treatment and conversion into energy sources.
(3) Later, the National River Conservation Authority set up a committee to review the progress made under Phase I of the GAP
(4) The Phase I of the GAP was closed. The Phase II of the GAP was merged with the National River Conservation Plan after March 2000.
(5) The Plan now covers 152 towns, located along 27 inter-state rivers in 16 states of India.
(6) Out of total 215 schemes of pollution abatement sanctioned, 69 have been completed with positive results.

Map Based Questions Identification

Question 1.
Features by numbers are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map :
1. A west flowing rive (2012-54)
2. A river on which the world’s highest gravity dam is built [2011-480024)
3. Salt water lake [2010-980707-C1, C2] Or, Sambhar Lake [2015-72QMNYL)
4. A river (2013-ADHLBY; 2012-47, 49, 55) Or, A west flowing river (2012-73; 2010-980707-A1, A2) Or, River of Peninsular India that forms estuary [2010-980709-A1) Or, A river flowing through a rift valley (2011-480026]
5. A Peninsular river (2012-41, 71)

Answer:
1. Indus
2. Satluj
3. Sambhar Lake
4. Narmada
5. Krishna
6. A fresh water lake [2010-980707-B1] Or, Largest freshwater lake in India.
7. A Himalayan river [2012-62, 63; 2011- 480030] Or, An important river of Northern India . (2012-36,42; 2011-480013, 39]
8. An important Himalayan river (2012-43, 35, 70) Or, An important river of India [2012-37] Or, The largest river of N.E. India (2010-980710-B1, B2) Or, The river also known as Tsang Po [2010-980720-A1] Or, An important river of Eastern India (2010-980701-A1]
9. The state having largest coastline (2010-980707-A1, A2]
10. Peninsular River (2012-25, 57, 66; 2011-480037] Or, The largest river of South India [2011-480021, 25, 33; 2010-980711-A1, A2) Or, A river of South India [2011-480027, 44] Or, A river known as Dakshin Ganga [2011-480029; 2010-980709- B1, 710-B1)
11. A Peninsular river [2012-46, 48] Or, An important river of South India (2012-60]

Answer:
6. Wular Lake
7. Ganga
8. Brahmaputra
9. Gujarat
10. Godavari
11. Kaveri

II. (1) On an outline map of India, mark and label the following rivers : Ganga, Satluj, Damodar, Krishna, Narmada, Tapi, Mahanadi and Brahmaputra.
(2) On an outline map of India mark and label the following lakes : Chilika, Sambhar, Wular, Pulicat, Kolleru.
Answer:

This topic is excluded from the latest syllabus (2019-20) of C.B.S.E.