UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life
UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions
UP Board Class 9 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life InText Questions and Answers
Activity and In-text Questions
Find Out (Page No. 43)
Question 1.
Why are the southern slopes in Himalayan region covered with thick vegetation cover as compared to northern slopes of the same hills ?
Answer:
The southern slopes in Himalayan region are covered with thick vegetation as compared to northern slopes of the same hills because :
(i) The southern slopes receive abundant sunlight which promote the growth of trees whereas northern slopes are bereft of sunlight.
(ii) The southern slopes experience heavy rainfall during monsoons while the northern slopes receive scanty rainfall.
Find Out (Page No. 43)
Question 1.
Why are the western slopes of the Western Ghats covered with thick forests and not the eastern slopes ?
Answer:
The western slopes of the Western Ghats get heavy rainfall from the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoons because they lie on the leeward side of Western Ghats. It helps in the development and sustenance of thick forest. On the contrary, the eastern slopes of Western Ghats lie in rainshadow area. Therefore, due to lack of rainfall this region is deprived of vegetation.
Let us Discuss (Page No. 47)
Question 1.
What will happen if plants and animals disappear from the earth’s surface? Can the human beings survive under such a situation ? Why is biodiversity necessary and why should it be conserved ?
Answer:
If plants and animals disappear from the earth’s surface, it will become a barren land. The food chain will get disturbed and the human race will face the verge of extinction. No, the human beings cannot survive under such a situation.
Biodiversity is necessary because of the following reasons :
(i) Wildlife helps in maintaining the ecological balance in the environment.
(ii) It is an essential feature of healthy biosphere.
(iii) It is essential for the normal functioning of ecosystems.
(iv) It is an important link in our food chain.
Conservation of biodiversity is important because :
(i) Flora and fauna are our national heritage and an essential feature of healthy biosphere.
(ii) The diversity of species is required for the normal functioning of ecosystems.
UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises Of Ncert (Page No. 51)
Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below :
(i) To which one of the following types of vegetation does rubber belong to ?
(a) Tundra
(b) Tidal
(c) Himalayan
(d) Tropical Evergreen
Answer:
(d) Tropical Evergreen.
(ii) Cinchona trees are found in the areas of rainfall more than
(a) 100 cm
(b) 50 cm
(c) 70 cm
(d) less than 50 cm
Answer:
(a) 100 cm.
(iii) In which of the following states is the Simlipal bio¬reserve located ?
(a) Punjab
(b) Delhi
(c) Odisha
(d) West Bengal
Answer:
(c) Odisha.
(iv) Which one of the following bio-reserves of India is not included in the world network of bio-reserve ?
(a) Manas
(b) Nilgiri
(c) Gulf of Mannar
(d) Nanda Devi
Answer:
(a) Manas
Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(1) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India ?
Answer:
The distribution of plants and animals of India are dependent upon : (a) Temperature, (b) Sunlight, (c) Precipitation (d) Soil (e) Relief. .
(ii) What is a bio-reserve ? Give two examples.
Answer:
Bio-reserves are multi-purpose protected areas, where every plant and animal species are protected in its natural habitat.
The two examples are –
(i) Nanda Devi (Uttaranchal)
(ii) Nokrek (Meghalaya).
(iii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation.
Answer:
Animals
1. Elephant, monkey, lemur, sloth and one-homed rhinoceros.
2. Kashmiri stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, jack rabbit, Tibetan antelope, yak, snow panda, wild ibex, bear and rare red panda.
Vegetation :
1. Tropical rain forest.
2. Montane type vegetation.
Question 3.
Distinguish between
(i) Flora and Fauna
Answer:
Flora :
(i) The term flora is used to denote plants of a particular region or period.
(ii) For example, alpine vegetation.
Fauna :
(i) The species of animals are referred to as fauna.
(ii) For example, marine fauna.
(ii) Tropical Evergreen and Deciduous forests.
Or
Tropical Evergreen and Tropical Deciduous forests. (Annual Exam. (Delhi), 2008)
Or
Distinguish between Tropical Rain Forests and Tropical Deciduous Forests. (2016-M5MZ7SB)
Or
Compare the features of Tropical Evergreen Forests and Tropical Deciduous Forests. (2011-32/BI, 11/A1)
Or
What are the main differences between Tropical Evergreen Forest and Deciduous Forests ? (2014-ZZ-95-9800)
Answer:
Tropical Rain Forests
(1) Tropical Rain Forests are found in areas having more than 200 cm of rainfall.
(2) There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves. As such, these forests appear green all the year round.
(3) As the region is warm and wet throughout the year, it has a luxuriant vegetation of all kinds – trees, shrubs, and creepers, giving it a multilayered structure.
(4) Commercially important trees of these forests are ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber and cinchona.
Tropical Deciduous Forests:
(1) Tropical Deciduous Forests are found in the regions receiving rainfall between 70 cm to 200 cm
(2) Trees of these forests shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
(3) On the basis of availability of water, these forests are further divided into moist and dry deciduous.
(4) Commercially important trees of these forests are bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun, mulberry, etc.
Question 4.
Name different types of vegetation found in India and describe the vegetation of high altitudes.
Answer:
The different types of vegetation found in India are :
(i) Tropical Rain forests.
(ii) Tropical Deciduous forests
(iii) Thorn and Scrub forests
(iv) Montane forests.
(v) Mangrove forests.
The vegetation of high altitude, generally above 3,600 m, consists of alpine vegetation. Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches are common trees of these forests. They get progressively stunted as they reach the snow line. Ultimately, through shrubs and scrubs they merge into alpine grasslands. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of the tundra vegetation.
Question 5.
Quite a few species of plants and animals are endangered in India. Why ? (2016-RHUI51T)
Answer:
Few species of plants and animals are endangered in India because of the following reasons :
Plants :
(i) Clearing of forests for locating industries, urban development, construction of roads and dams and for providing more agricultural areas.
(ii) Cutting of trees by the local population, which is used as firewood.
Animals :
(i) Loss of habitat due to clearing of forests.
(ii) Hunting and poaching by man.
(iii) Killing animals for fur, skin, medicinal purposes, making of decoration pieces (ivory, horn, antlers) and to make woollen clothes.
(iv) Chemical and industrial wastes have disturbed marine life.
Question 6.
Why has India a rich heritage of flora and fauna ?
Answer:
India has a rich heritage of flora and fauna because :
(i) India has a vast extent, ranging from mountainous region to long coastline on the eastern and western sides.
(ii) India has different climatic conditions ranging from desert climate to cold Himalayan region.
(iii) India has areas of the scantiest rainfall and the highest rainfall in the world.
So, a wide variety in relief and climatic conditions are responsible for rich flora and fauna of the country.
Topicwise Questions Introduction
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for long time, is termed as :
(a) Tundra vegetation
(b) Virgin vegetation
(c) Taiga plants
(d) None of the above (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 04/BI; 2012-48006, 13, 22)
Answer:
(b) Virgin vegetation
Question 2.
Which of the following types of natural vegetations have originally come to India from abroad ?
(a) Rare species
(b) Endemic species
(c) Endangered species
(d) Exotic species (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 18/A1)
Answer:
(d) Exotic species
Question 3.
How many types of plant species are found in India ? (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 06/BI; 2012-48041)
(a) About 45,000
(b) About 40,000
(c) About 47,000
(d) About 20,000
Answer:
(c) About 47,000
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
What is natural vegetation ? List down the four major types of vegetation identified in India. (2015-9AP46RL-A; 2014-J02KBXD)
Answer:
(1) Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. This is termed as a virgin vegetation.
(2) The major types of vegetation identified in India are :
(i) Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Scrubs
(iv) Montane Forests
(v) Mangrove Forests (Any four)
Question 5.
Give an account of the bio-diversity of India. (2016-YBE5VIO; 2015-V6N15CJ)
Or
How is India one of the twelve mega biodiversity countries of the world ? (2016-HYHY9BF)
Or
“Our country” India is one of the 12 mega bio-diversity countries of the world.” Describe in detail with examples of species of flora and fauna found in India. (2016-070WHIF, NQLRJ3Q)
Answer:
(1) Our country India is one of the twelve mega bio-diversity of the world.
(2) With about 47,000 plant species, India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity.
(3) There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India which account for 6 per cent in the world’s total number of flowering plants.
(4) The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi.
(5) India also has 90,000 species of animals as well as a rich variety of fish in its fresh and marine waters.
Relief
3/5 Marks Question
Question 1.
Does soil affect the flora and fauna of a region? Give any three examples to support your answer. (2016-HR1T954; 2015-GKSX9GR)
Answer:
(1) Yes, soil affects the flora and fauna of a region.
(2) For example :
(i) The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes.
(ii) Wet, marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation.
(iii) The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees.
Climate
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Almost the entire rainfall in India is brought in by :
(а) The advancing South-west monsoons
(b) Retreating North-east monsoons
(c) Western disturbances
(d) The easterly winds. (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48024)
Answer:
(a) The advancing South-west monsoons
Question 2.
The Vegetation cover of India in large parts is no more natural in the real sense, due to :
(а) Degraded by human occupancy
(b) Rough Terrain
(c) Changing ecosystem
(d) Heavy rainfall (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48015)
Answer;
(a) Degraded by human occupancy
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 3.
How do relief and climate affect flora and fauna of a region ? Explain. (2016-CRG24NW)
Or
Describe how the relief and climatic factors lead to a variety of vegetation in India. (2016-ISKIY9L)
Or
Describe the factors that affect the flora and fauna of any region. (2016-I57JLCY)
Answer:
Relief and climate affect flora and fauna of a region in the following ways :
(1) Land: The nature of land influences the types of vegetation. The fertile land is generally devoted to agriculture. The undulating and rough terrains are the areas where grassland and woodlands develop and give shelter to a variety of wildlife.
(2) Soil: Different types of soil provide basis for different types of vegetations. The sandy soils of the desert support cactus and thorny bushes while wet, marshy, deltaic soils support mangroves and deltaic vegetation. The hill slopes with some depth of soil have conical trees.
(3) Temperature: On the slopes of the Himalayas and the hills of the Peninsula above the height of 915 metres, the fall in temperature affects the types of vegetations and their growth and changes them from tropical to sub-tropical temperate and alpine vegetations.
(4) Photoperiod (Sunlight) : The variation in duration of sunlight at different places is due to differences in latitude, altitude, seasons and duration of the day. Due to longer duration of sunlight, trees grow faster in summer.
(5) Precipitation : Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas of less rainfall.
Question 4.
Why is natural vegetation in India disappearing rapidly ? Describe any five reasons. (2016-K98RXRX; 2015-Y3UMBE3)
Or
India’s natural vegetation has undergone many changes in the recent past. Justify the statement. (2016-PAVDZPC; 2012-1013)
Answer:
India’s natural vegetation has undergone many changes due to several factors such as :
(1) Growing demand for cultivation requires more land for which forests are cleared.
(2) Development of industries requires more transportation, raw materials for which forests are cut down.
(3) Mining : To extract minerals, forests are cleared up.
(4) Increasing urbanization and over-grazing of pastures have also led to deforestation process in India.
(5) Over-grazing of pastures leads to land deterioration and decreasing forest cover.
Question 5.
‘The natural vegetation and climate control the type of animal life in a country.’ Justify the statement with examples. (2016-KNC1NKM; 2015-CG2ZHW3; 2014-V6K0YSD)
Or
When the vegetation is altered the animal life also changes. How ? (2016-VKM2PSH)
Or
‘There is a change in the variety of fauna with the corresponding change in the flora.’ Justify the given statement ‘ with examples from Indian natural vegetation.
Answer:
(1) Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the areas ‘ having more than 200 cm of rainfall with a short dry season. The region is warm and wet throughout the year. The animals found in these forests are elephants, monkey, lemur, deer, one-horned rhinoceros, etc.
(2) Tropical Deciduous Forests are found in the regions receiving rainfall between 70 cm to 200 cm. The common animals found in these regions are lion, pig, tiger, deer and elephant. A huge variety of birds, lizards, snakes and tortoises are also found here.
(3) Thorn and scrubs are found in the regions with less than 70 cm of rainfall. This type of vegetation is found in semi-arid areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan. In these regions, the common animals are rats, mice, rabbits, fox, wolf, tiger, lion, wild ass, horses and camels.
(4) Montane forests are found in mountainous areas. The temperature decreases with increasing altitude. The animals found – here are Kashmiri stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, rare red panda, sheep and goats with thick hair.
(5) The mangrove tidal forests are found in the areas of coasts influenced by tides. Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts.
Royal Bengal Tigers are the famous animals found in these forests. Unties, crocodiles, gharials and snakes are also found in these forests. ’
Ecosystem
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Avery large ecosystem on land having distinct type of vegetation and wildlife is called:
(a) Ecology
(b) Biome
(c) Biodiversity
(d) Biosphere reserve (2011-12-CBSE-SA-II, Bl; 2012-48025)
Answer:
(b) Biome
Question 2.
What is biome ? (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48050)
(a) A cluster of stars
(b) Dense forest
(c) A very large ecosystem on land
(d) A distinct group of animals only.
Answer:
(c) A very large ecosystem on land
Question 3.
Which one of the following eco-development projects have been started by India ? (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48028)
(a) Project flamingo
(b) Project crane
(c) Project elephant
(d) Project rhino
Answer:
(d) Project rhino
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
State the main causes which are a threat to the ecosystem.
Or
Explain any three major threats to the rich bio-diversity of India. (2016-TKLP3FZ)
Or
Explain any three causes which are responsible for ecological imbalance. (2016-I57JLCY; 2015-BALUBOA)
Answer:
The main causes which are major threat to the ecosystem are :
(1) Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes.
(2) Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits.
(3) Introduction of alien species.
(4) Reckless cutting of forest to bring land under cultivation and inhabitation.
(5) Deforestation also leads to the gradual expansion of deserts.
Question 5.
What is the role of the various animal species found in the ecosystem ? Describe. (2016-TWKZ96R; 2015-K0U3F83)
Ecosystem
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Avery large ecosystem on land having distinct type of vegetation and wildlife is called:
(a) Ecology
(b) Biome
(c) Biodiversity
(d) Biosphere reserve (2011-12-CBSE-SA-II, Bl; 2012-48025)
Answer:
(b) Biome
Question 2.
What is biome ? (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48050)
(a) A cluster of stars
(b) Dense forest
(c) A very large ecosystem on land
(d) A distinct group of animals only.
Answer:
(c) A very large ecosystem on land
Question 3.
Which one of the following eco-development projects have been started by India ? (2012-CBSE-SA-II, 48028)
(a) Project flamingo
(b) Project crane
(c) Project elephant
(d) Project rhino
Answer:
(d) Project rhino
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
State the main causes which are a threat to the ecosystem.
Or
Explain any three major threats to the rich bio-diversity of India. (2016-TKLP3FZ)
Or
Explain any three causes which are responsible for ecological imbalance. (2016-I57JLCY; 2O15-BALUB0A)
Answer:
The main causes which are major threat to the ecosystem are :
(1) Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes.
(2) Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits.
(3) Introduction of alien species.
(4) Reckless cutting of forest to bring land under cultivation and inhabitation.
(5) Deforestation also leads to the gradual expansion of deserts.
Question 5.
What is the role of the various animal species found in the ecosystem ? Describe.(2016-TWKZ96R; 2O15-K0U3F83)
Or
Explain the importance of animals to humans. (2016-TKLP3FZ, ONEOSIT)
Answer:
The role of various animal species found in the ecosystem :
(1) Earthworms are important in soil formation, sediment porosity and ground water movement.
(2) Lizards are important for controlling the population of insects.
(3) Sponges are natural filters that remove carbon dioxide and many pollutants (heavy metals), releasing oxygen and other nutrients that are required for other under sea life.
(4) Lichens play an important role in soil formation.
(5) Many insects help iii pollination of crops and fruit trees and exert biological control on such insects, which are harmful.
Types Of Vegetation
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Ebony, Mahogany and Rosewood trees are grown in ‘which of the following forests ?
(a) Coniferous forests
(b) Tropical rain forest
(c) Tropical thorn forests
(d) Deciduous forests (2011-CBSE-SA-II,08/Cl)
Answer:
(b) Tropical rain forest
Question 2.
Ebony and Rosewood trees are found in the areas of rainfall :
(a) More than 200 cm
(b) More than 100 cm
(c) More than 70 cm
(d) Less than 50 cm (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 34/A1)
Answer:
(a) More than 200 cm s
Question 3.
In which of the following parts of India are evergreen forests found ?
(a) Assam
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Odisha
(d) Uttar Pradesh (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 29/BU)
Answer:
(a) Assam
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
Name any three important species of trees of Deciduous Forests and the areas where they are commonly found in India. (2016-R60MB4B; 2015-NH5M5QT)
Answer:
(1) Three important species of trees of Deciduous Forests are as follow :
(1) Teak – It is the most dominant species of this forest.
(ii) Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, Khair.
(iii) Kusum, arjun, mulberry etc. are other commercially important species.
(2) These trees are found mostly in the eastern part of the country—northeastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, Western part of Odisha and Chhattigarh, and on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
Question 5.
Name any three medicinal plants with their uses. (2014-4FKSM18, 4ABM4NV)
Or
Mention the importance of any five medicinal plants. (2016-8UCD2LN)
Or
Write a note on medicinal plants found in India.
Answer:
(1) Sarpagandha : It is used to treat blood pressure. It is found in India only.
(2) Jamun and Arjun : Juice and powder of Jamun are used to treat digestive disorders, asthma, dysentery, etc. Juice of Arjun is used to cure blood pressure and heart diseases.
(3) Babool: Babool leaves are used as tonic and cure for eye sores.
(4) Kachnar and Cinchona: Kachnar is used to cure asthma and ulcer. Bark of cinchona is used in making anti-malarial drug.
(5) Neem and Tulsi: Neem has high antibiotic and antibacterial effects. Tulsi is used to cure cough and cold.
Question 6.
Give an account of the distribution of Tropical Rain Forests in India. Why are they commonly found in the southern part of India ? (2016-0LWZS7O)
Or
Explain any three characteristics of Tropical Evergreen Forest. (2016-9AGOTXP)
Or
Give a brief description of the Tropical Rain Forests. (2015-0 EM48D2)
Answer:
(1) Tropical Rain Forests are found in the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast.
(2) These forests are found in the southern part of India because :
(i) This region receives heavy amount of rainfall i.e., about 200 cm.
(ii) This region is struck by the monsoon winds at the earliest therefore, receives heavy rainfall.
(iii) The southern part lies in tropical region therefore, temperature remains high throughout the year.
(iv) The region remains warm and wet throughout the year.
Question 7.
Describe any five features of Mountain Forests of India. (2016-C66GL67; 2015-1K51AZT; 2014-A8ITS12)
Or
Explain any two features of the mountainous vegetations. (2016-KF7H9KZ)
Answer:
Following are the features of Montane forests :
(1) Due to decreasing temperature and increasing heights, they have different types of vegetation. Broad-leafy trees e.g., oaks and chestnut are found at a height of 2,000 m. Wet temperate forests at 1,000-2,000 m and coniferous trees like deodar, silver fir etc. are found between 1,500 to 3,000 m.
(2) These forests cover mostly the southern slopes of the Himalayas, places having high altitude in southern and north-east India.
(3) At higher altitudes, alpine grasslands are found where the nomadic tribes graze their cattle.
(4) At more higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegt lation.
(5) These forests have Kashmir stag, spotted deer, yak, snow leopard, red panda, etc.
Question 8.
In which region are the Thorny Forests and Scrubs found in India ? Mention any two characteristics of such type of vegetation. (2011-25/BI, 2012-48023)
Or
Describe any five features of the Thom Forests and scrubs of India. (2016-CCLLSC4)
Or
Explain the main characteristics of the Thorn Forests and Scrubs. (2016-CP4MJQ1)
Or
How have the vegetations of Thom Forests adapted to the climate ? (2016-QOS8H8F)
Answer:
(1) Thorny Forests and Scrubs are found in the north-western part of the country including semi-arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
(2) Characteristics :
(i) Trees are scattered and have long roots penetrating deep into the soil in order to get moisture.
(ii) The stems are succulent to conserve water.
(iii) Leaves are mostly thick and small to minimize evaporation.
Question 9.
Distinguish between dry deciduous forest and moist deciduous forest. (2016-J9J1XV4)
Or
Differentiate between dry and moist deciduous forests. (CBSE, 2011-SA2, 04/BI)
Answer:
Dry Deciduous Forests :
(1) The dry deciduous forests are found in areas having rainfall between 100 cm and 70 cm.
(2) These are found in the rainier parts of the peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
(3) The important trees found in this region are teak, sal, peepal, neem etc.
Moist Deciduous Forests :
(1) The moist deciduous forests are found in the areas receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 100 cm.
(2) These are found in the eastern part of the country, north-eastern states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, Western Odisha and Chhattisgarh and on the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats.
(3) Important trees found in this region are teak, bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, aijun, mulberry, etc.
Wildlife
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
How many types of animal species are found in India ?
(a) 90,000
(b)2,000
(c) 2,546
(d) 4,700
Answer:
(a) 90,000
Question 2.
In which year Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in India ?
(a) 1952
(6) 1962
(c) 1972
(d) 1982 (2011-25CBSE-SA-II, /Al)
Answer:
(c) 1972
Question 3.
The elephants are found in the hot-wet forests of
(а) Punjab and Haryana
(b) Rajasthan and Gujarat
(c) West Bengal and Jharkhand
(d) Assam and Karnataka (2011-CBSE-SA-II, 08/A1)
Answer:
(d) Assam and Karnataka
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
In which year was Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India ? Write any four protected species found in India.
(2017 -MKGOXZN)
Or
When was the Wildlife Protection Act implemented in India ? Name any four protected species of animals found in India. (2016-HR1T954; 2015-KOV5HG3)
Answer:
(1) Wildlife protection Act was implemented in 1972 in India.
(ii) The wildlife protection Act 1972 is an. Act of the Parliament of India enacted for protection of plants and animals & pecies.
(iii) The act has also the provision of penalties in the case of its violation.
(2) Four protected species of animals found in India are :
(i) Lion
(ii) Tiger
(iii) One-homed linoceroces
(iv) Great Indian Bustard.
Question 5.
The Himalayas are abode to a variety of animals species. Justify this statement by giving examples. 12017-RTWUMTZ)
Or
‘The Himalayas harbour a hardy range of animals, which survive in extreme cold.’ Explain the statement with examples. (2016-3N8J6MA; 2015-HEUWPLZ, 03DT2VR)
Answer:
Following examples can be given to justify the statement:
(1) The Himalayas harbour a hardy range of animals, which survive in extreme cold.
(2) Ladakh’s freezing high altitude is a home of yak, the shaggy horned wild ox, the Tibetan antelope, the Bharal( blue sheep), wild sheep and kiang.
(3) The ibex, bear, snow-leopard and very rare panda are found in certain pockets.
Question 6.
Why do we need to conserve the wildlife resources ? Explain. (2016-6QYR5YO)
Or
“Survival of man is at the stake if we do not conserve our rich fauna.” Justify the statement. (2016-5G7486T, CP4MJQ1)
Or
Why do we need to protect our rich diversity of fauna ? Give any five reasons. (2016-8BJGMDQ)
Answer:
We need to conserve the wildlife resources because :
(1) Wildlife helps in maintaining the ecological balance in the environment.
(2) Lichens play an important role in soil formation.
(3) They also provide us drought power, transportation, meet and eggs.
(4) The fish provides nutritive food.
(5) Many insects help in pollination of crops and fruit trees and exert biological control on such insects which are harmful.
(6) Earthworms make the soil porous.
Question 7.
How can community and government go hand in hand to protect the wildlife ? Explain with examples. (2016-ECHS79F; 2015-3UWGAAX, 3ZS0975; 2014-6520KIX, 0GR6ZX8)
Answer:
Community and government go hand in hand to protect the wildlife : –
(1) In Sariska Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
(2) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri, declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.
(3) In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms theif
Question 8.
What are the various steps taken by the government to protect flora and fauna of our country ? Describe any five steps.
Or
Describe various initiatives taken by the government to protect the wildlife of India. (2016-ONCL2PF)
Or
What steps have been taken by the government of India to protect the flora and fauna of the country. (2016-15NXJEP)
Answer:
Government of India has taken many steps to protect flora and fauna : •
(1) Fourteen biosphere reserves have been set up in the country to protect flora and fauna in their natural habitats, e.g., Sunderbans in West Bengal, Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand, etc.
(2) Financial and technical assistance has provided to many Botanical Gardens by the government, since 1992.
(3) Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other eco-developmental projects have been introduced.
(4) 103 National Parks, 535 Wildlife Sanctuaries and Zoological Gardens are set up to take care of Natural heritage.
(5) Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in India in 1972. Hunting is banned and defaulters are to be punished.
Question 9.
What are bio-reserves ? Why are they created ? (2012-48005)
Or
What is a Bio-reserve ? Mention its main objectives. (2016-3HVZNST, 4751ULX)
Or
Why is biodiversity necessary? Why should it be conserved ? (2016-HR1T954)
Answer:
(1) In the bio-reserves, plant and animal species are protected so that this natural heritage can be transmitted to future generations.
(2) (i) In each biosphere reserve, the core will preserve wildlife, the flora and the fauna in their natural forms.
(ii) The surrounding zone would be utilized for research and experimentation in developing forests and other products.
Map Based Questions Identification
Question I.
Features by numbers are marked in the given political outline map of India. Identify these features with the help of following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map :
Question 1.
Forest type/A type of forest Or, A type of vegetation/natural vegetation
Answer:
National Park ()
Wildlife Sanctuary (★)
Bird Sanctuary ()
Answer:
A National Park()
(a) Dachigam (J&K) (2016-MDSOX5Z, DG5NMSJ, 4JMQMA8; 2015-MIEJPOO)
(b) Corbett (Uttarakhand) (2016-K98RXRX; 2015-0NWVSDK; 2014-L2MQUV2; 2012-48037; 2011-U/A1, 16/BI))
(c) Kaziranga (Assam) (2015-2QND9EF; 2014-NYHA4YW; 2012; 2011-06/A1, 11/BI, 21/A1)
(d) Manas (Assam) (2016-4751ULX, HQ9GM5B, ISKIY9L, Z44C6EO)
(e) Keoladeo Ghana (Rajasthan)(2016-QE84530)
(f) Ranthambhor (Rajasthan) (2016-KNC1NKM, RU4QW4; 2012-48041)
(g) Gir (Gujarat) (2016-0LWZS7O, 2014-ZZ-95-9800)
(h) Simlipal (Odisha) (2016-6QDR56Y, ONEOSIT; 2015-4Z3DYAY; 2014- 557MUPZ; 2012-1073)
(i) Sanjay Gandhi (Maharashtra) (2016-3HV2NST)
★ Wildlife Sanctuary
(j)Sariska(Rajasthan) (2016-3N8J6MA, 01A3E0X; 2015-ONWVSDK; 2014-RSY8S5J; 2012-48039; 2011-25/A1)
(k) Chandaka (Odisha) (2015-XWZRQPO; 2014-V1I642T, 4KPVC07)
(l) Periyar (Kerala) (2016-QOS8H8F; 2015-6F8GLJL; 2014-AN6K4SG, 2012-48015; 2011-04/A1)
Bird Sanctuary
(m) Bharatpur (Rajasthan) (2011-04/BI, 08/A1)
(n) Vedanthangal (Tamil Nadu) (2012-48023)
Locating And Labelling
Question II.
Locate and Label the following items on the outline map of India with appropriate symbols :
1. Rajaji National Park (2016-BU8ZC5G, HGOZ4G7, N9PFPSM; 2015-KI6D8GK, XKZU7YT; 2014-KVSAR, OHFEKWR, 6U6BVEU, MKR7I7G, M9IJ26T, 03QSWGH; 2012-48007)
2. Shivpuri National Park (2012; 2011-21/A1, 29/A1)
3. A region having Tropical Thorn and Scrubs.
4. Gir Forest
5. Kanha-Kisli National Park (2012-48011, 48033)
6. Sunderban National Park (2015; 2012-48032)
7. Chandaka – A Wildlife Sanctuary (2012-48012; 2011-04/A1)
8. Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary (2011-11/BI)
9. Bandipur National Park (2012-48010)
10. Mudumalai – A Wildlife Sanctuary (2012-48003, 48019, 48021, 48031)
Question III.
On an outline map of India label the following :
(i) Areas of evergreen forests.
Answer:
(i) Western Ghats, Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar islands, upper parts of Assam.
(ii) Areas of dry deciduous forests.
Answer:
Rainy parts of Peninsular Plateau, Plains of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
(iii) Two wildlife reserves each in Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western parts of the country.
Answer:
(A) Northern National Parks : (1) Corbett, (2) Dudhwa
(B) Southern National Parks : (1) Bandipur, (2) Periyar
(C) Eastern National Parks : (1) Rajdewra, (2) Simlipal
(D) Western National Parks : (1) Gir, (2) Sanjay Gandhi