UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource
UP Board Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions
UP Board Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource InText Questions and Answers
Activity and In-text Questions
Let’s Discuss (Page No. 21)
Question 1.
Study the following graph and answer the following questions :
(1) Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
(2) In which year India has the highest literacy rates?
(3) Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?
(4) Why are women less educated than men?
(5) How would you calculate literacy rate in India?
(6) What is your projection about India’s literacy rate in 2020?
Answer:
(1) Yes, the literacy rates of the population have increased since 1951.
(2) In 2011,’India has the highest literacy rate.
(3) The literacy rate is high among the males of India because they have privilege in their families and society. Parents give more attention to their study.
(4) Even the educated parents are less interested in educating their female child due to various reasons. So, women are less educated than men.
(5) The people, 7 years and above, who can read and write a simple passage with understanding in any language are considered literate in India. Literacy rate is calculated as a percentage of total population.
(6) My projection about India’s literacy rate in 2020 is about 95%.
Let’s Discuss (Page No. 23)
Question 1.
Discuss this table in the classroom and answer the following questions:
TABLE 2.1. Number of Institutions of Higher Education, Enrolment and Faculty
Source : UGC Annual Report 2010-11,2012-13 and 2013-14,2015-16 and Selected Educational Statistics, Ministry of HRD (www.ugc.in_Annual Report.2016-17.Pdf).
(1) Is the increase in the number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of students?
(2) Do you think we should have more number of universities?
(3) What is the increase noticed among the teachers in the year 1998-99?
(4) What is your idea about future colleges and universities?
Answer:
(1) No, the increase in number of colleges, i.e., 42,338 is not adequate to admit such increasing number of students as 2,94,27,158.
(2) Yes, we should have more number of Universities to encourage higher-education in India.
(3) The number of teachers increased from 24,000 in 1950-51 to 14,70,190 in 2016-17 only.
(4) There is need to encourage establishment of these institutions, particularly vocational colleges, in such a vast country like India. Moreover, distance education should be expanded.
UP Board Class 9 Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource
Textbook Questions and Answers
Exercises Of Ncert (Page No. 27)
Question 1.
What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’ ?
Answer:
(1) ‘People as resource’ is a way of referring to a country working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.
Question 2.
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? (2015-ZZ95)
Or
How is human resource different from other factors of production ? Explain it in three points. (2016-086E77W, 1UHRJCE, WHWHHLS; 2015-0SEZZ4F; 2014-GWYNDNA; 2012-47)
Answer:
Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital in the following ways :
(1) Unlike the other resources, human resource has dual importance from the point of view of economic development. The people are both the end and means of development. On the one hand, they act as factors of production and on the other, they are also the end-users, i.e., the ends in themselves.
(2) Human resource can make use of other resources like land and capital but land and capital cannot become useful on its own.
(3) This is the special feature of human resource that the advantages of more educated and the healthier people not only confine to themselves but spread to those people also who themselves are not educated and healthy.
Question 3.
What is the role of education in human capital formation ? (2015; 2011-480022; 2010-980707-A1, A2)
Or
“Education is an important tool to convert human into human capital.” Justify the statement. (2016-817SHOE, WE9462K, ZGIKKF2, HQJASPS, LTGCOB9)
Answer:
(1) Education plays an important role in human capital formation. It adds to the productive power of a nation.
(2) It provides a vital input for the growth of one’s personality. Education and skill formation greatly help in the better utilisation of a country’s natural resources.
(3) Education opens new horizon for an individual, provides new aspiration and develops good values of fife.
(4) It contributes, to the growth of society and enhances its cultural richness.
(5) It also enhances the personal income and the efficiency of governance.
Question 4.
What is the role of health in human capital formation? (Annual Exam. 2007)
Or
“When the skilled manpower is not physically fit for work, there will be loss of national productivity and bring the situation of global burden of disease.” In the light of this statement, explain the role of health in human capital formation.’ (20I6-B94Z6TH, GAAQKFR, UST5T46; 2015-UNIHEM)
Or
Explain the role of health in human capital formation. (2016-A8X7X0P; 2015-B7FZNH8; 2014-1M9SISF)
Answer:
(1) Healthier people have the higher productivity. The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness.
(2) Health is an indispensable basis for realizing one’s well¬being. On the other hand, an unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organization indeed.
(3) It is seen that a healthy worker is able to devote more time to his work. His good health enables him to work more efficiently.
(4) A healthy person has more strength, energy and stamina to do any work. His health helps him to realize his potential and mission in life.
(5) His health provides the ability to fight illness and overcome many difficulties in life. He becomes an asset for any organisation and the nation as well.
(6) An improvement or investment in the health status of the population leads to human capital formation.
Question 5.
What part does health play in the individual’s working life ?
Answer:
(1) The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability tq fight illness.
(2) A healthy person not only contributes in the development of a country by increasing efficiency and productivity, but he / she is more able to enjoy the fruits of development.
(3) A person’s capacity for intensive and sustained work and to enjoy life depends to a great extent on the state of his health. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation indeed.
(4) Health increases efficiency and ability of the person and thus, his tot- l productivity. This, in turn, pays an individual through salary and opportunity to grow.
(5) A healthy person has more strength, energy and stamina to do any work. His health helps him to realise his potential and mission in life.
Question 6.
What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer:
On the basis of the occupational structure, the various activities have been classified into three main categories or sectors, i.e., the primary, the secondary and the tertiary sectors.
(1) (i) Primary sector comprises activities that are directly concerned or associated with procuring or producing things from materials provided by nature.
(ii) Examples of primary activities are provided by agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry, mining and quarrying.
(2) (i) When the primary goods are processed to produce other goods, this activity is then known as secondary activity. Processing may be done manually or by machines.
(ii) Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. It implies making things or goods on a large scale.
(3) (i) For the effective functioning of these two sectors, we need a network of strong and developed support services which are called tertiary activities.
(ii) Trade, transport, communication, education, banking, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector.
Question 7.
What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities ?
Or
Explain any two differences between economic and non¬economic activities. (2015-MK2DKKF; 2014-BKXU0YS; 2012-42)
Or
Explain any three differences between economic and non¬economic activities. (2016-IO3PN2W)
Answer:
Economic activity :
(1) The activity which gives us income in return is called economic activity.
(2) The aim of this activity is to get income.
(3) Examples: Rickshaw-pulling, cleaning house for money, selling vegetables, work in factories, hospitals, banks, farms, etc.
Non-economic activity :
(1) The activity which does not give us any income in return, is called non-economic activity.
(2) The aim of this activity is not to get income.
(3) Examples : Doing social work, helping the poor, educating the illiterate without any charge, the work of social reformers.
Question 8.
Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer:
(1) Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market.
(2) Education helps an individual to make better use of the economic opportunities available before him. Since a majority of the women have meagre education, so they are paid low wages in comparison to men.
(3) Skill is also a major determinant of the earning of a person. Women are generally unskilled, they are employed in low paid work in comparison to men. But the women who are highly qualified and skilful, are paid at par with the men.
Question 9.
How will you explain the term unemployment ?
Or
“Unemployment gives birth to various socio-economic problems.” Give three arguments to support this statement. (2016-KZPTGXS, 3YJEUUZ, 025XVDR)
Answer:
(1) Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current wages, cannot find jobs.
(2) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy turn into a liability.
(3) There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. Inability of educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment implies a great social waste.
(4) Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases. The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected.
(5) When a family has to live on a bare subsistence level, there is a general decline in its health status and rising withdrawal from the school system.
(6) Unemployment has detrimental impact on the over all growth of an economy. Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy. It also wastes the resource, which could have been gainfully employed.
Question 10.
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Or
Distinguish between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment. (2013-GSDELB, KVSLUK)
Answer:
Difference between disguised and seasonal unemployment:
Disguised Unemployment :
(1) This unemployment is hidden.
(2) Capacity of all persons is not used everyday.
(3) It is present in agriculture and rural areas.
(4) For example, some work is done by 5 persons. Production is 500 tonnes of wheat. 3 persons are released from there. Still, production is the same i.e., 500 tonnes.
Seasonal Unemployment :
(1) This unemployment is on the basis of seasons only.
(2) Work of whole year of a person is not used.
(3) It is present in rural as well as in urban areas.
(4) On the basis of season, people become unemployed. Examples, ice-cream seller, woollen cloth seller, etc.
Question 11.
Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Or
“Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem of India.” Justify the statement. (2015-ZZ95; 2012-48, 82; 2011-480023)
Answer:
(1) Many youth with Matriculation, Graduation and Post-Graduation degrees are not able to find jobs.
(2) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resources.
(3) Educated people who are willing to work to find gainful employment, but do not find jobs. This implies a great social waste.
(4) There are technically qualified persons on one hand, while there is a dearth of technical skills required for economic growth.
(5) If qualified people are not used as a resource, they become a liability to the economy.
Question 12.
In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer:
(1) I think, India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the manufacturing sector.
(2) There is disguised unemployment in the agricultural sector. The whole family members contribute in the field even though everybody is not really needed.
(3) So, this surplus labour, engaged in primary sector, should be shifted to manufacturing and tertiary sectors.
(4) Although in the secondary sector, small-scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing. Still, there is great possibility to increase employment opportunities in this field. This is because, there is shortage of capital in India and a majority of the people are living in rural areas.
(5) The employment opportunities can also be increased in tertiary sector, particularly in the field of biotechnology, information technology, education, healthy and tourism.
Question 13.
Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer:
(1) Productivity of workers increases with providing proper skill development and training or specialized training. Skill development makes it possible to absorb the new technologies at work. So, it should be strengthened.
(2) To promote skill development, the government has taken some steps. The starting of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) is one such step or measure in the right direction.
(3) Vocational education should be made part of the school education system.
(4) Surplus of manpower in certain categories co-exist with shortage of manpower in others. This shows that the technically qualified persons do not possess sufficient technical skills required for certain specialised jobs. Proper steps need to be taken on a priority basis, in this direction to tackle such situations.
(5) Entrepreneurial development provides another area for the growth of employment opportunities. This involves starting of new businesses. In addition to capital, a new business needs expertise and organising ability or skills. They come through proper training.
Question 14.
Can you imagine some villages which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?
Answer:
(1) (i) There are some poor villages around my village. Most people of these villages belong to scheduled and backward castes.
(ii) Their main occupation was agriculture. In these villages, the whole family contributed in the field even though not everybody was really needed.
(iii) These all villages were very poor and had no-job opportunities.
(2) (i) Once the B.D.O. called a meeting of the people and the Headmen of these villages.
(ii) He described the importance of education and encouraged the parents to enrol their children in the school. Some parents agreed to enrol their children in the district Harijan school.
(iii) After sometime, they became qualified and came back to their villages. Some of them started to teach the children of the village. A few started to run their own small units by taking loans from the government. Some girls took further training in tailoring and started stitching clothes for all the families of the village.
(iv) Inspired by this success, all the families of these villages started to give education to their children. Some students got admission in medical colleges. They started to treat sick people of nearby villages. In this way, various jobs of teachers, tailors, doctors and others have been created in these villages.
Question 15.
Which capital would you consider the best-land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer:
Undoubtedly, human capital is the best capital. Human capital is superior to other resources like land, labour and physical capital in many respects :
(1) Human resource has dual importance from the point of view of economic development. The people are both the end and means of development. On the one hand, they act as factors of production and on the other, they are also the end-users and ends in themselves. This is because, the ultimate aim of development is to provide better and more secure life to the people.
(2) Human resource can make use of other resources like land and capital but land and capital cannot become useful on their own.
(3) This is a special feature of human capital that the advantages of more educated and the healthier people not only confine to themselves but spread to those people also who themselves are not educated and healthy. On the other hand, in the cases of land, labour and physical capital, this is not possible.
Topicwise Questions Overview
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Large population, which is considered a liability can be turned into a productive asset by investing in . (2012-CBSE-SA-I-42)
(a) Land
(b) Irrigation
(c) Electricity
(d) Human capital
Answer:
(d) Human capital
Question 2.
What kind of people are the liability for the economy ? (2012-CBSE-SA-I-63)
(a) Educated
(b) Healthy
(c) Unhealthy
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Unhealthy
Question 3.
Which one of the following cannot be regarded as building of the Human Capital in a country ? (2011-CBSE-SA-I-480037; 2010-980701-A1)
(а) Spending resources on education
(b) Providing training of industrial workers
(c) Increasing salary of workers
(d) Providing health to all
Answer:
(c) Increasing salary of workers
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
How is investment in human capital similar to investment in physical capital ? Mention three similarities. (2016-BH3AGTZ, 20YP5OW)
Or
What is meant by human capital formation ? How does investment in human capital yield a return just like investment in physical capital ? Explain by giving examples. (2015-PH8ROLH, PZLN6EM)
Answer:
(1) When the existing human resource is further developed by becoming more educated and healthy, we call it human capital formation.
(2) (i) Human capital formation adds to the productive power of the country just like ‘physical capital formation’.
(ii) Investment in human capital through education, training, medical care, yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This can be seen directly in the form of higher incomes earned because of higher productivity of the more educated or the better trained persons as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.
(iii) Not only do the more educated and the healthier people gain through higher incomes, the society also gains in other indirect ways as in the case of physical capital. This is because, the advantages of more educated or a healthier population spreads to those also who themselves were not directly educated or given healthcare.
Question 5.
Why is the human resource important for development? (2010-980721-B1)
Or
Explain the importance of human resource. (2014-QUJHXND; 2013-IK2F216, Z9310QH)
Or
“Development of population into human resource leads to development of nation.” Explain with three examples. (2015-53XK0H0, 00GI2TB)
Answer:
(1) Human resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.
(2) If human resource is developed with education and health, it becomes human capital that adds to productive power of the country.
(3) Even it is superior to other resources as it can make use of other resources — land, capital, etc.
Question 6.
Explain how investment in education creates the virtuous cycle of human development. (2012-75)
Or
What does a Virtuous cycle’ created by the educated parents mean ? Explain. (2016-S86VB0R; 2014-62C52DP; #012-60)
Answer:
(1) A child, too, with investments made on her/his education and health can yield a high return in future and contribute more to society.
(2) Educated parents invest more heavily on the education of their children.
(3) This is because, they realize the importance of education.
(4) They are also conscious of the importance of proper nutrition and hygiene.
(5) A virtuous cycle is, thus, created.
Question 7.
In what way is the human capital superior to other sources like physical capital ? How can a large population be turned into productive assets ? Explain any four methods. (2016-HQJASPS, FCDQH7I; 2014-JLS716W; 2013- 925XJ5S, DTEARK; 2012-49)
Or
Why is human capital considered superior to other resources like land and physical capital ? Name the factors that affect the quality of population. Explain how these factors help in human capital formation ? , (2016-UST5T46, J67ASEU, K4W7AM7; 2015-0IIYLMN;
2014- OTP08CN; 2013-5M402LN, SHCEE5E)
Answer:
(1) Human capital is considered superior to the other resources like land and physical capital because human resource can make use of land and capital but land and capital cannot become useful on their own.
(2) (i) The factors that affect the quality of population are : education and health.
(ii) When human resource is developed providing more education and better health facilities, it is called human capital formation.
(iii) It adds to the productive power of the country. The more educated and healthier people are capable of higher productivity and they gain higher incomes.
(iv) In this way, by providing education, health facilities, training to use new technology and scientific research, a large population can be turned into productive assets.
Question 8.
‘Human being is a positive asset and a precious national resource.’ Elaborate. (CBSE-2010-980720-A1)
Or
People are the greatest resource that a country has. Explain. (2010-980709-B1, 720-A1)
Or
Why is the human resource important for development ? T2011-480011; 2010-980721-B1)
Answer:
(1) The ‘working people’ make the most important segment of the population of a country. When we talk about people as ‘resource’, we refer particularly to this productive working population.
(2) (i) It is the productive skills and abilities of the people that this productive population contribute to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
(ii) The GDP refers to the total value of all goods and services produced by a country in one year.
(3) People become ithe greatest resource or an asset of a country when we make an investment in their education, training and healthcare.
Question 9.
Why did Japan emerge as a developed country in spite of its poor natural resources? Explain. (CBSE-2010-980724-A1, A2, 980715-B1)
Or
Japan has scarcity of natural resources yet it is a developed and rich country. Describe briefly three steps that helped Japan to become a developed country. (2014-8BUTQBK; 2013-XZV3IX6)
Or
‘Despite insufficient availability of natural resources, Japan has emerged as a rich and developed nation.’ Justify the statement with three significant factors responsible for making Japan rich. (2016-8MR95GW, CIE8G04; 2015-F7T07FG; 2014-A828AN8; 2012-48)
Answer:
(1) The secret of Japan’s phenomenal economic progress lies in its human capital. It has invested heavily in its human resource which is the most important resource.
(2) Its existing dedicated human resource has been further developed by becoming more educated and healthy.
(3) Careful investment on people especially in the field of education and health has helped in the human capital formation. It is Japan’s biggest asset. It has greatly added to the productive power of Japan.
(4) It is the human resource that can make wise use of land and capital. The latter cannot become useful on their own. The Japanese have made a-veiy efficient use of their available resources like land and capital.
(5) Japan has converted its large population into a productive asset by investing on human capital, training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use of modem technology, useful scientific researches and so on.
Economic Activities By Men And Women
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Which of the following is not a primary activity ? (2012-CBSE-SA-I-25)
(a) Agriculture
(b) Mining
(c) Quarrying
(d) Banking
Answer:
(d) Banking
Question 2.
A person is making envelopes with the help of papers. In which sector should his activity be included ? (2012-CBSE-SA-I-36)
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Information sector
Answer:
(b) Secondary sector
Question 3.
Which one of the following is a non-economic activity ? (2012-CBSE-SA-I-36, 47, 70)
(а) Selling fish in market
(b) Cooking food for family
(c) Working in a private firm
(d) Teaching in an institute
Answer:
(b) Cooking food for family
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
Beside the biological fact that women are not less capable to work, still they have been witnessing severe discrimination in terms of wages. Describe its reasons and explain how they can obtain same status as men. (2016-20YP50W, DD9YM7F)
Answer:
(1) Despite woman workforce is equally capable to men, they witness severe discrimination in terms of wages due to the following reasons :
(i) Education and skill are the major determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. Majority of women have meagre education and low skill formation which results in lower wages as compared to men.
(ii) Due to cultural and historical reasons, there is a division of labour between men and woinen in family. Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in field and workplace. As a result, women are not paid for their service delivered in the family and it is not counted in National Income.
(iii) Absence of job security and basic facilities like maternity leave, child care, etc. other social security systems are also important reasons for women witnessing discrimination.
(iv) Legal protection is also meagre in unorganised sector.
(2) (i) Emphasis should be given on girl education, improving their health and social status as female literacy rate is much lower than that of the male.
(ii) Creating safety for women at workplace can enormously increase women participation in workforce.
(iii) Skill development programmes for girls should be started and implemented honestly.
Question 5.
How have the various activities been classified into sectors ? Give one example of each sector. (2014-ET9TF50; 2012-43)
Or
Explain three types of economic activities with example.
(2016-DD9YM7F, UST5T46, 53G75NF; 2015- 20VB856; 2014-J9075RW)S
Or
What is the rationale of dividing all economic activities into primary sector, secondary sector and the tertiary sector ? Explain with examples.
Answer:
(1) Those activities that add value to the national income are called economic activities. On the basis of the occupational structure, the various activities have been classified into three main categories or sectors, i.e., the primary, the secondary and the tertiary sectors.
(2) (i) The Primary Sector : It comprises activities that are directly concerned or associated with procuring or producing things from materials provided by nature. Examples of primary sector activities are agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry,
farming, mining and quarrying.
(ii) The Secondary Sector : When the primary goods are processed to produce other goods, this activity is then known as secondary sector activity. Processing may be done manually or by machines. Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. It implies making things or goods on a large scale.
(iii) The Tertiary Sector : For the effective functioning of these two sectors, we need a network of strong and developed support services which are called tertiary activities. Trade, transport, communi-cation, education, banking, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector. All these activities add value to the National Income.
Question 6.
Explain any three differences between market activities and non-market activities. Under which activity would you classify government services ? (2015-HEDORTS; 2014-0EPU0U6; 2013- VMEMHSK2, PMSLUK, DTEARK, J5HSIXL; 2012-61)
Or
Explain any three differences between market and non¬market activities. (2016-0HJ6SR5)
Answer:
(1) Any activity which adds value to National Income is called economic activity. Two types of economic activities are as follows :
(2) (i) Market activities
(ii) Non-market activities
(a) These economic activities involve remuneration or payment to anyone who does some creative or construc¬tive work. Manufacturing, banking, construction work, etc. provide examples of market activities.
(b) These are socially useful activities which are per-formed for pay or profit.
(c) Market activities comprise production of goods and services.
(d) Goods m;; y be produced in the primary and the secondary sectors. Services may be both with public and the private sectors.
(a) These economic activities involve production for self-consumption.
(b) These are not done for pay or profit.
(c) These activities generally comprise consumsption and processing of primary pro-ducts. They may lead to the production of some fixed assets.
(d) The household activities per-formed within the domestic domain are included in the non-market activities. Social work is also included in this category.
(3) Production of goods or services including government service comes under market activities.
Quality Of Population
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Which of the following is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years ?
(а) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(b) Adult Education Programme
(c) Mid-day meal
(d) Scholarships (2012-CBSE-SA-I-34, 40, 46, 72, 54)
Answer:
(a) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Question 2.
Infant Mortality Rate refers to the death of a child under the age of:
(a) 1 year
(b) 2 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 5 years (2012-CBSE-SA-I-35, 45, 72)
Answer:
(a) 1 year
Question 3.
Which one of the following states has poor health indices and a few medical colleges ?
(a) Karnataka
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Uttar Pradesh (2012-CBSE-SA-I-44)
Answer:
(d) Uttar Pradesh
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
Write a short note on ‘SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAAN.’ (CBSE-2010-980710-B1)
Or
Describe five main features of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. (2014-VMNOXMR; 2013-P72KL2A)
Or
Explain the significant steps taken by the government under ‘Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’. (2016-G06Q024, 2ZJXX59; 2015-YPWB45; 2014-W4TW403)
Or
Sarva-Shiksha Abhiyaan is one of the successful steps to increse literacy rate. Describe its features and importance. (2015-QJARA79)
Answer:
(1) To strengthen the primary school system, the scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was started in 2001.
(2) This is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years by 2010.
(3) It began as a time-bound initiative or programme of the Central Government in partnership with the state, the local government and the community to achieve the goal of universalisation of elementary education.
(4) This programme has covered the entire country with special focus on the educational needs of girls, SCs/STs and other children.
(5) Along with it, bridge courses and back-to-school camps were started to increase the enrolment in elementary education. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children as well as to improve their nutritional status.
Question 5.
Why will a firm not like to employ a worker having ill- health ? How does it affect the working environment? (2016-WE9462K, X3G5VLL, Q1CDV8U; 2015-3I8ICDQ; 2014-DWPQRNE; 2013-JGISA7G)
Or
“Illiterate and unhealthy population are a liability for the economy”. Justify the statement with suitable examples. (2016-8RUI8LO; 2015-LYVE7PI)
Answer:
(1) The main objective of a firm is to maximise its profit. So, any firm would not like to employ a worker having ill-health because he/she may not work efficiently as compared to a healthy worker due to ill-health.
(2) An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation or the economy.
(3) It affects the working environment adversely. An unhealthy person can infect healthy persons of the organisation also.
Question 6.
Describe any three steps taken by the government in the field of education. (2016-1IYWXJN, KBOCUQA)
Or
Education has been one of our goals in five year plans. It contributes towards the growth of society. Explain the statement. (2016-5PHRWYW, 7RFD443, MK1W5MC, CJYDMOR; 2015-W2VSQ1B, A9AANZI)
Answer:
(1) The government has made a provision for providing universal access, retention and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girls. Policy of the government focuses on increasing access, quality, adoption of state-specific curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of IT.
(2) There has been universalisation of free and compulsory elementary education.
(3) The expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP has been risen. It was 0.64% in 1951-52 that rose to 3.0% in 2015-16.
(4) The government focuses on distant education, reducing gender gaps and enrolment in higher education.
(5) There is also an establishment in the pace of setting up of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district. The government has also launched Sarva Siksha Abhiyan that is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of six to fourteen years.
Question 7.
How does the quality of the population decide the growth rate of the country ? (2014-SS1-QP-5)
Or
Explain any three factors on which the quality of population depends. (2016-FCDQH7I; 2015-0IIYLMN)
Answer:
(1) The quality of the population certainly decides the growth rate of the country. It depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country. Literate and healthy population is an asset for the economy.
(2) More educated, better trained persons and the healthier people have higher productivity. So, they earn higher income.
(3) Literate and healthy population can utilize natural resources
in the best possible manner. Better knowledge and skills provided by education greatly help in the better utilization of a country’s natural resources.
(4) It contributes towards the growth of society and enhances cultural richness.
(5) It is seen that a healthy worker is able to devote more time to his work. His good health enables him to work more efficiently. A healthy person has more strength, energy and stamina to do any work. His health helps him to realize his potential and mission in life.
Unemployment
1 Mark Questions (Objective Type)
Question 1.
Which is the most labour absorbing sector of economy ?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Public sector (2012-CBSE-SA-I-25, 41; 2011-480011, 25, 39, 42, 43; 2010-980707-B1, 721-C1)
Answer:
(a) Primary sector
Question 2.
Which one of the following is not an effect of unemployment ?
(а) Wastage of manpower resource
(b) Depressed economy
(c) Decrease in economic overload
(d) Feeling of hopelessness (2012-CBSE-SA-I-34)
Answer:
(c) Decrease in economic overload
Question 3.
Unemployment leads to the wastage of ………. (2012-CBSE-SA-I-40, 70)
(a) capital resource
(b) natural resource
(c) human resource
(d) economic resource
Answer:
(c) human resource
3/5 Marks Questions
Question 4.
Explain any five effects of unemployment in India. (2016-NYOZW07, Q1CDV8U, JCBRS7Y, QTWH609; 2014- 1S5F2ZH)
Or
What is meant by the term ‘Unemployment’ ? Explain any four effects of unemployment. (2014-1M9SISF)
Or
Explain any three consequences of unemployment. (2015-2PNL3CA, GZWFW3T)
Answer:
(1) Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current wages, cannot find jobs.
(2) (i) Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource. People who are an asset for the economy, turn into a liability.
(ii) There is a feeling of hopelessness and despair among the youth. People do not have enough money to support their family.
(iii) Inability of educated people, who are willing to work, to find gainful employment, implies a great social waste.
(iv) Unemployment tends to increase economic overload. The dependence of the unemployed on the working population increases. The quality of life of an individual as well as of society is adversely affected.
(v) Increase in unemployment is an indicator of a depressed economy. It wastes the resources, which could have been gainfully employed elsewhere. If people cannot be used as a resources, they naturally appear as a liability to the economy.
Question 5.
Which is the most labour absorbing sector of the Indian economy ? What trend has been recently noticed in terms of dependence of population on this sector and what is the reason for that ? (2016-GL08H38, J73AW9K, Y6X40C1, MN85L0V; 2015- GMJD7VL; 2014-H22F4K9; 2013-5M40ZLN; 2012-61)
Answer:
(1) Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the Indian economy.
(2) In recent years, there has been a decline in dependence of population on agriculture.
(3) This decline is mainly due to :
(i) Disguised unemployment.
(ii) Surplus labour in agriculture has moved to either the Secondary or Tertiary Sector.
Question 6.
Define unemployment and explain its any two types. (CBSE-2010-980710-A1)
Or
What type of unemployment is found in rural India ? How can this problem be solved ? Explain. (2016-VWURKDA, 3TBIKNR; 2013-P72KL2A; 2012-40)
Or
Define seasonal unemployment. Give an example. How can we overcome this situation ? (2016-QTWH609, TRFIYOl, JCBRS7Y; 2015-OIVBM19, 9U2DSS9)
Answer:
(1) Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the prevalent wages, cannot find jobs.
(2) (i) Rural Areas :
(a) Seasonal Unemployment – It is the situation when people don’t get jobs during some months of the year. Agriculture sector suffers from this type of unemployment.
(b) Disguised Unemployment – People appear to be employed but they are really unemployed. The work requires service of five people but engages eight people. Even if these extra people are removed, work must not be affected.
(ii) Urban Areas : Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment. It has become a common phenomenon. Many youth with Matriculation, Graduation and Post-Graduation degrees are not able to find jobs. Unemployment of Graduates and Post-Graduates has increased.
(3) (i) The government should encourage non-farm production activities.
(ii) Vocational education and training should be provided.
(iii) Loans should be given at low rate of interest.