UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources InText Questions and Answers

In-text Question (Page 48)
Question 1.
Dig a little deeper and find out how many minerals are used to make a light bulb ?
Answer:
(i) Tungsten
(ii) Glass
(iii) Aluminium
(iv) Copper.

Question 2.
Dig a little deeper and collect “Nutritional Facts” printed on food labels.
Answer:
Product – Parle-G (Biscuit)
Nutritional facts :
Energy – 453 cal.
Fat – 13.0 g
Carbohydrate – 77.5 g
Dietary fibres – 0.6 g
Protein – 6.5 g
Calcium – 15.0 mg

in-text Question (Page 50)

Question 1.
Dig a little deeper: What is the difference between an open pit mine, a quarry and an underground mine with shafts ?
Answer:
Open-pit mining: It refers to a method of extracting rocks or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit. Open-pit mines are used when deposits of commercially useful minerals or rocks are found near the surface, that is, where the overburden (surface material covering the valuable deposit) is relatively thin. The layer above the seam is removed and the exposed deposit is extracted using earth-moving machinery.

Quarry : It is generally used for extracting building materials, such as dimension stone. Quarry is usually shallower than open-pit mines.

Underground mine with shafts : When minerals occur deep below the surface, where the overburden is thick, or the mineral occurs as veins in hard rock, underground shaft mining method is used to extract the valued material. Shaft mines have vertical access to the seam via elevators that carry workers and equipments into the mines. It is the deepest form of underground mining.

In-text Question (Page 51)

Question 1.
Dig a little deeper : Superimpose the maps showing distribution of iron ore, manganese, coal, iron and steel industry. Do you see any correlation. Why?
Answer:
Correlation : Iron ore, manganese and coal are found very close to each other. Iron and steel industries have also been established in the same region.
Reasons : (1) Iron ore and manganese are the basic raw materials required for iron and steel industry.
(2) Coal is also required in abundance to produce energy for melting purposes.
(3) Raw materials required for iron and steel industry are bulky. Their transportation will be very costly. Therefore, industries have been established in the regions which are rich in iron, manganese and coal.

In-text Question (Page 53)

Question 1.
Riya little Deeper : Locate the mines of Bauxite on the physical map of India.
Note : Do it yourself with the help of Map of NCERT Textbok, Page 52.

In-text Question (Page 56)

Question 1.
Dig a little deeper : make a list of items Where
Answer:
Chhotanagpur is a storehouse of minerals because substitutes are being used instead of minerals ? Where are these substitutes obtained from?
Answer:

Activity (Page 58)

Question 1.
Name some river valley projects and write the names of the dams built on these rivers.
Answer:
(i) Bhakra-Nangal dam on river Satluj.
(ii) Gandhi Sagar Dam on river Chambal.
(iii) Damodar Valley Project constitutes four dams namely— Tilayya, Konar, Maithan and Panchet on the river Damodar and its tributaries.
(iv) Tungabhadra project on river Tungabhadra.
(v) Nagarjun Sagar dam on river Krishna.
(vi) Tawa dam on river Tawa.
(vii) Koyna dam on river Koyna.
(viii) Hirakud dam on river Mahanadi.
(ix) Idukki dam on river Periyar.
(x) Rihand dam on river Rihand.
(xi) Upper Indravati Project constitutes Indravati dam, Podagada dam, Kapur dam, Muran dam.

In-text Questions (Page 60)

Question 1.
Collect information about thermal hydel power plant located in your state. Show them on the map of India.
Note : Do it yourself with the help of map of NCERT Tfextbook, Page 59.

Question 1.
Locate the 6 nuclear power stations and find out the states where they are located.
Answer:

Activity (Page 60)

Question 1.
Collect information about newly established solar power plants in India.
Answer:

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple choice questions :
(i) Which one of the following minerals minerals is ‘ formed by decomposition of rocks leaving a residual
mass of weathered material ?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc

(ii) Koderma in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals ?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper

(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks ?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above

(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand ?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Answer:
(i) (a)
(ii) (b)
(iii) (a)
(iv) (c)

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words :
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words :
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals :
Ferrous minerals :
Ferrous minerals provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. They include iron ore and manganese.

Non-ferrous minerals :
Non-ferrous minrals play an important role in a number of metallurgical, engineering and electrical industries. They include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and gold.

(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy :
1. Conventional sources of energy :
Conventional sources are those which can be used only one time or cannot be reused like coal, petroleum, natural gas, electricity (both thermal and hydel)

2. Non-conventional sources of energy :
Non-conventional sources are those which can be used again and again.
They include solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.

(ii) What is a mineral ?
Answer:
Mineral is a homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.

(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks ?
Answer:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals in liquid (molten) and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the
earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc are obtained from the the rocks.

(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?
Answer:
(i) The geological process of mineral formation is quite slow in comparison to the present rate of consumption.
(ii) Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable.
(iii) Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as the mineral comes from greater and greater depths.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words :
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer:
(a) India’s coal fields (nearly 75%) are located in the north-eastern part of the southern peninsula. They mainly lie in the Damodar river valley region (Jharkhand and West Bengal), Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh.

(b) Coal deposits also occur in some other river valleys such as Mahanadi, Godavari, Son, Tawa, Wardha etc. The states such as Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Assam and Uttar Pradesh also have notable coal reserves.

(c) Some important coal fields of India are – Raniganj, Jharia, Karanpura, Chandrapura, Giridih, Deogarh, Rajmahal, Ramgarh, Korba, Singrauli, Talcher, Singreni, Chanda.

(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India ?
Answer:
Solar energy has a bright future in India because –
(a) India is a tropical country, therefore, it receives sunlight in abundance throughout the year.
(b) Solar plants can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
(c) It will minimise the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate suply of manure in agriculture.

Activity

Question 3.
Fill the name of the correct mineral in the crossword given on the next page :
Across :
1. A ferrous mineral (9)
2. Raw material for cement industry (9)
3. Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9)
4. Highest quality hard coal (10)
5. Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7)
6. Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6)
7. Formed due to evaporation (6)
Down :
1. Found in placer deposit (4)
2. Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8)
3. Indispensable for electrical industry (4)
4. Geological age of coal found in north east India (8)
5. Formed in veins and vein deposits (3)

UP Board Class 10 bGeography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Which one of the following minerals is used in the making of toothpastes ?
(a) Platinum
(b) Limestone
(c) Sulphur
(d) Tin
Answer:
(b) Limestone

Question 2.
Which one of the following minerals occurs as residual mass of weathered material ?
(a) Copper
(b) Bauxite
(c) Mica
(d) Gypsum
Answer:
(b) Bauxite

Question 3.
Kodarma-Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Bihar-Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals ?
(a) Bauxite
(b) Mica
(c) Iron ore
(d) Copper
Answer:
(b) Mica

Question 4.
Which one of the following is an offshore oil field?
(a) Ankaleshwar
(b) Digboi
(c) Kalol
(d) Mumbai High
Answer:
(d) Mumbai High

Question 5.
Which one of the following minerals is contained in the monazite sands ?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal
Answer:
(c) Thorium

Fill in the blanks :

Question 6.
Minerals are found in .
Answer:
varied forms in nature

Question 7.
The larger occurrences of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks are called………….
Answer:
Lodes

Question 8.
Minerals are extremely valuable but possessions…………..
Answer:
short-lived

Question 9.
Electricity generated by burning fossil fuels is called…………..
Answer:
Thermal electricity

Question 10.
The largest wind farm cluster ‘Nagarcoil’ is located in the state of ……….
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 11.
The hardest form of mineral is diamond and softest is talc.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Odisha was the largest producer of iron ore during 2016-17.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
The rate of consuming mineral resources is much faster than its formation.
Answer:
True

Question 14.
Gujarat is not connected with HVJ Natural Gas pipeline.
Answer:
False

Question 15.
India is presently one of the least energy efficient countries in the world.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 16.
What is a mineral ?
Answer:
Mineral is defined as a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.

Question 17.
Which mineral is indispensable far electrical and electronics industry due its dielectric strength?
Answer:
Copper

Question 18.
Suggest any one measure to conserve the minerals.
Answer:
Metals should be recycled.

Question 19.
Which form of coal has a low carbon and high moisture contents and low heating capacity?
Answer:
Peat

Question 20.
Name the nuclear power plant that is located in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Kalpakkam

Match the following;

Question 21.
Match the following and choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) Lignite Coal – (A) CNG
(2) Eco-friendly liquid fuel used for vehicles – (B) Non-renewable . fossil fuels
(3) Hydro-electricity – (C) Highest moisture content
(4) Thermal Electricity – (D) Renewable resource
Choose the correct option :
(a) (1-C), (2-B), (3-D), (4-A)
(b) (1-D), (2-A), (3-B), (4-C)
(c) (1-C), (2-A), (3-D), (4-B)
(d) (1-B), (2-C), (3-A), (4-D)
Answer:
(c) (1-C), (2-A), (3-D), (4-B)

Assertion and Reason

Question 22.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A) : Mica is an indispensable mineral in the electronic industry.
Reason (R) : Mica is the non-metallic mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It can split easily into thin sheets.
Option:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Case/Source-Based Integrated Question

Question 23.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Source A: A bright smile from toothpaste and minerals Toothpaste cleans your teeth. Abrasive minerals like silica, limestone, aluminium oxide and various phosphate minerals do the cleaning. Fluoride which is used to reduce cavities, comes from a mineral fluorite. Most toothpaste are made white with titanium oxide, which comes from minerals called rutile, ilmenite and anatase. The sparkle in some toothpastes comes from mica. The toothbrush and tube containing the paste are made of plastics from petroleum.

Question :

Source A : A bright smile from toothpaste and minerals
(1) Fluoride which is used to reduce cavities, comes from which mineral ?
Answer:
Fluorite

(ii) Most toothpaste are white with titanium oxide comes from which minerals ?
Answer:
Rutile, ilmenite and anatase.

(iii) The sparkle in some toothpastes comes from .
Answer:
mica

Subjective Type Questions

Question 24.
What is the difference in approach of Geographers and Geologists in the study of mineral resources ?
Answer:
(1) (i) Geographers study minerals as part of the earth’s crust for a better understanding of landforms.
(ii) The distribution of mineral resources and associated economic activities are of great interest to Geographers.

(2) (i) A Geologist is interested in the formation of minerals, their age and physical and chemical composition.
(ii) They define minerals as a homogeneous naturally occuring substance with a definable internal structure.
(iii) The formation of minerals depends upon the physical and chemical conditions under which the material forms. This results in a wide range of colours, hardness, crystal forms, lusture and density that a particular mineral possesses. Geologists use their properties to classify the minerals.

Question 25.
Explain the mode of occurrence of minerals in sedimentary rocks, with examples.
Answer:
(1) In sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers.
(2) They have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata.
(3) Coal and some forms of iron ore have been concentrated as a result of long periods under great heat and pressure.
(4) Another group of sedimentary minerals include gypsum, potash salt and sodium salt. These are formed as a result of evaporation especially in arid regions.

Question 26.
Which type of minerals has provided a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries in India ? Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
(1) Ferrous minerals like iron ore, manganese has provided a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries in India.
(2) Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development.
(3) Magnetite (a type of iron ore) has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry.
(4) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy.
(5) It is also used in manufacturing bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.

Question 27.
Explain the importance of iron, manganese, mica, bauxite, copper.
Answer:
(1) Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone of industrial development. Magnetite iron ore has excellent magnetic qualities, especially valuable in the electrical industry.

(2) Manganese is mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and ferro-manganese alloy. It is also used in manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides and paints.

(3) Mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries. It has excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage.

(4) From bauxite aluminium is obtained. It combines the strength of metals such as iron, with extreme lightness and also with good conductivity and great malleability.

(5) Copper is malleable, ductile and a good conductor to heat and electricity. It is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.

Question 28.
Why is energy required for all activities ? How can energy be generated ? Explain. (2Q14-Delhi)
Answer:
(1) (i) Energy is a basic requirement for economic development.
(ii) Every sector of the national economy — agriculture, industry, services — needs inputs of energy.
(iii) The economic development plans require increasing amount of energy to remain operational.

(2) (i) Energy can be generated from fuel minerals like coal, petroleum, natural gas, uranium and from electricity.
(ii) In the recent years, energy has also been started generating from non-conventional sources like solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas, etc.

Question 29.
What is meant by geothermal energy and how is it produced ? Explain.
Answer:
(1) Geothermal energy refers to the heat and electricity produced by using the heat from the interior of the earth.
(2) (i) Geothermal energy exists because, the Earth grows progressively hotter with increasing depth.
(ii) Where the geothermal gradient is high, high temperatures are found at shallow depths.
(iii) Ground vater in such areas absorbs heat from the rocks and becomes hot.
(iv) It is so hot that when it rises to the earth’s surface, it turns into steam. This steam is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. There are several hundred hot springs in India, which could be used to generate electricity. Two experimental projects have been set up in India to harness geothermal energy
(i) Parvati Valley in Himachal Pradesh
(ii) Puga Valley, Ladakh.