UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions
UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources InText Questions and Answers
Activity (Page 25)
Question 1.
From your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water.
Answer:
(1) We can form a group of water-conscious people and encourage our friends and neighbours to be a part of this group.
(2) By making sure that our home is leakage-free.
(3) By not leaving the tap running while brushing our teeth or washing our face.
(4) By avoiding flushing the toilet unnecessarily.
(5) While washing the car, we should use water from a bucket instead of a hosepipe.
(6) By not throwing away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or dal. It can be used to water plants or to clean the floors.
Activity (Page 26)
Question 1.
Find out more about any one traditional method of building dams and irrigation works.
Answer:
(1) One of the oldest water harvesting systems is found about 130 km from Pune, along Noneghat, in the Western Ghats. A large number of tanks were cut in the rocks to provide drinking water to tradesmen who used to travel along this ancient trade route. Each fort in this area had its own water harvesting and storage system in the form of rock-cut cisterns, ponds, tanks and wells.
(2) In mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like ‘guls’ and ‘kuls’ of the Westerii Himalayas for agriculture.
Activity (Page 27)
Question 1.
Make a list of inter-state water disputes.
Answer:
Inter-state water disputes –
(i) The Rrishna-Godavari water dispute.
(ii) The Cauvery water dispute.
(iii) The Ravi-Beas water dispute.
(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources.
Answer:
Multiplying urban centres, with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles, have not only added to water and energy requirements but have further aggravated the problem.
(b) Regulating and damming of rivers do not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.
Answer:
Regulating and damming of rivers affect their natural flow and their sediment flow.
(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Answer:
In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to Indira Gandhi Canal.
Answer:
Today, in Rajasthan, sadly the practice of rooftop rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the ever-flowing Rajasthan Canal.
Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about SO words.
(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource ?
Answer:
Water is continually being renewed and recharged through the hydrological cycle. The never-ending inter-change of the different states of water between the oceans, land and air is known as the hydrological cycle.
(i) Water evaporates due to heat of the sun. Vapours condense to form clouds. Clouds give rain.
(ii) Rain water from the land, makes it way back to the sea, and the cycle begins again.
Thus, water is a renewable resource.
(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes ?
Answer:
Water scarcity is a situation where there is insufficient water to satisfy normal requirements (like drinking, cooking, etc).
Causes of water scarcity –
(i) Over-exploitation of water.
(ii) Excessive use of water.
(iii) Unequal access to water.
(iv) Large and growing population.
(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multipurpose river projects.
Answer:
Advantages of multi-purpose river projects :
(1) Electricity generation – The stored water (dams) provides a high head to generate hydroelectric power. It is clean and pollution-free form of energy.
(2) Flood control – By storing surplus amount of rainwater in the reservoirs behind the dams. They help in controlling floods and protecting soils.
(3) Recreation – River valley projects become the centre of tourist attraction by providing recreational facilities.
Disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects :
(1) Dams fragment rivers into narrow streams. It makes difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate and for spawning.
(2) Multi-purpose projects leads to large-scale displacement of local communities. They have to give up their land and livelihood.
Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.
Answer:
In arid and semi-arid regions the rainwater is harvested in tanks or ‘tankas’. The tankas are part of the well- developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system. They are built inside the main house or the courtyard. They are connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops travel down the pipe and is stored in the underground ‘tankas’. The first spell of rain is usually not collected as this will clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater is stored in the tankas till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water.
(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.
Answer:
(i) In traditional rainwater harvesting water is brought in underground tanks through open drains. But now-a-days, PVC pipes are connected to the sump or underground tank to bring water.
(ii) Earlier old,dry wells were used to collect water, now-a- days, artificial tanks are made to conserve water.
(iii) The method of filtering the rainwater was not in practice earlier but now a filtration device is also installed to filter water.
UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Water Resources Additional Important Questions and Answers
Objective Type Questions
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Question 1.
How much of the earth surface is covered with water ?
(a) About 1/4
(b) About 1/2
(c) About 3/4
(d) About 2/3
Answer:
(c) About 3/4
Question 2.
Which of the following is not the cause of water scarcity ?
(a) Rapid growth of population
(b) Uneven distribution of water resources
(c) Construction of dams and resources
(d) Increase in demand
Answer:
(c) Construction of dams and resources
Question 3.
Which of the following rivers is not having any multi-purpose river project ?
(a) Satluj, Beas
(b) Mahanadi
(c) Narmada
(d) Yamuna
Answer:
(d) Yamuna
Fill in the blanks :
Question 4.
The major source of fresh water in India is …………
Answer:
ground water
Question 5.
The Tehri dam is being constructed on the river……………..
Answer:
Bhagirathi
Question 6.
People built ‘Guls’ and ‘Kuls’ for irrigation in the region of……………
Answer:
Western Himalayas
State whether the following statements are True or False:
Question 7.
Water is a renewable resource.
Answer:
True
Question 8.
Precipitation is a source of fresh water.
Answer:
True
Question 9.
The techniques of Khadins is adopted to harvest rainwater in hilly and mountainous regions.
Answer:
False
Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)
Question 10.
Is water a renewable resource ?
Answer:
Yes, water is a renewable resource.
Question 11 .
What is water scarcity ?
Answer:
Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demand for water usage within a region.
Question 12.
Which state has made roof top rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu
Assertion and Reason
Question 13.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A): Dams are called multipurpose projects. Reason (R) : Dams are now built not only for irrigation but/or generation of electricity, water supply for domestic use, flood control, recreation, inland navigation and fish-breeding.
Options :
(а) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
CaselSource-Based Integrated Question
Question 14.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :
Source A : Hydraulic Structures in Ancient India
- In the first century B.C., Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system channelling the flood water of the river Ganga.
- During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
- Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also been found in Kalinga, (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), etc.
- In the 11th Century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
- In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Iltutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort area.
Questions :
Source A : Hydraulic Structures in Ancient India
(i) Where is Sringaverapura situated ?
Answer:
Sringaverapura is situated near Allahabad.
(ii) During the time ofdams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
Answer:
Chandragupta Maurya
(iii) Where have evidences of sophisticated irrigation works been found ?
Answer:
Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have been found in Kalinga (Odisha), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnataka) and Kolhapur (Maharashtra), etc.
(iv) Whichuler was constructed a tank in Hauz Khas for supplying water to Siri Fort area in the 14th century.
Answer:
Iltutmish, the ruler of Slave dynasty.
Question :
Source A : Bamboo Drip Irrigation System In Meghalaya, a 200-year-old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes, is prevalent. About 18-20 litres of water enters the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of metres, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant.
Source A : Bamboo Drip Irrigation System
(i) In which state is bamboo drip irrigation system prevalent ?
Answer:
Meghalaya
(ii) Aboutlitres of water enters the bamboo pipe system.
Answer:
18-20
(iii) Bamboo Drip Irrigation System is prevalent in Assam.
(Write True/False)
Answer:
False
Subjective Type Questions
Question 15.
“India is heading towards water scarcity.” Trace the possible solutions to tackle this problem ?
Answer:
Possible solutions to tackle water scarcity are as under :
(1) Rainwater harvesting system need to be developed. People should be awarded for this.
(2) Rainwater harvesting should be made compulsory for every household.
(3) Bamboo drip irrigation system should be promoted.
(4) People should be made aware of the drastic effects of water scarcity. People need to be taught to stop the others whom they find wasting or polluting the water.
(5) It is essential that people should be sensitive enough towards the importance of water.
Question 16.
How does urbanisation and urban lifestyle lead to over¬exploitation of water resources ? Explain.
Answer:
(1) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations have increased the demand for water.
(2) Urban lifestyles have not only added to water and energy requirements but have further aggravated the problem.
(3) The housing societies or colonies in the cities have their own groundwater pumping devices to meet their water needs.
(4) Fragile water resources are being over-exploited and have caused their depletion in several cities.
(5) Urbanisation creates vast opportunities which attract people. This increasing population demands more water to fulfil their domestic needs.
Question 17.
Explain any two consequences of changing crop pattern due to irrigation.
Answer:
(1) The population of India is growing rapidly and demands its food security. The government introduced schemes to the farmers to grow food crops twice or thrice a year. Earlier, the farmers depended on rainfall in the monsoon season for their yearly production. With failure in rain, they used to suffer a lot. Now-a-days farmers can take loan and use pumps to irrigate their land. Over and over irrigation to get good returns and using of fertilizers to retain the soil fertility, they, in turn, make the land exhausted and ultimately production is suffering.
(2) On the other hand, on the event of drawing more and more water from the underground sources, the water table is also get dried up. The fertilizer mixed water contaminates the canals and other water bodies.
Question 18.
Explain the ecological problems being faced due to the multi-purpose river projects.
Answer:
(1) Dams fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to migrate especially for spawning.
(2) The reservoirs that are created on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil leading to its decomposition over a period of time.
(3) Multi-purpose projects that were constructed to control floods have triggered floods which cause extensive soil erosion.
(4) Sedimentation also meant that the floodplains were
deprived of silt, a natural fertilizer, further adding on to the problem of land degradation.
(5) Multi-purpose projects induce earthquakes, cause water borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
Question 19.
Why is there a need to develop rainwater harvesting system in India ? Explain.
Answer:
Rainwater harvesting system is needed due to following reasons :
(1) Water harvesting system is a viable alternative both socio¬economically and environmentally.
(2) Due to increasing population, demand for water is increasing in every sphere of life. So, rainwater harvesting system should be made compulsory.
(3) The distribution of rainfall is uneven. So, rainwater harvesting is needed.
(4) It is useful to recharge the underground water.
(5) Urbanisation and its lifestyle have added pressure on water resources so, it is essential to conserve rainwater.
Question 20.
Describe the rooftop rainwater harvesting technique.
Answer:
Rooftop rainwater harvesting :
(1) Rooftop rainwater is collected using PVC pipe.
(2) Water is filtered using sand and bricks.
(3) Underground pipe takes water to sump for immediate usage.
(4) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well.
(5) Water from the well recharges the underground. The water collected in the well can be used later for domestic purposes.
Question 21.
What role do ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’ of the Western Himalayas and ‘Khadin’ and ‘Johads’ in parts of Rajasthan play ? Describe.
Answer:
(1) In Western Himalayas people build diversion channels like ‘guls’ ‘or’ ‘kuls’.
(2) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures.
(3) These allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil h’ke the ‘Khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of if. ijasthan.