UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources InText Questions and Answers

Activity (Page 14)

Question 1.
Find out stories prevalent in your region which are about the hormonious relationship between human beings and nature.
Answer:
The sheep was going through the jungle when suddenly it heard the cry of a baby. It moved towards the direction of the cry. As it went nearer, it saw a human child lying on the grass unattained. The sheep took away the child and looked after him. Slowly the child started growing up. His friends were monkey, cat, rabbit, bear, deer, snake, etc. Child used to swing on the branches of the tree, climb them and lived with them as their family member.

One day some hunters entered into the jungle and started hunting. But as the child saw them he fought with the hunters and saved the animal’s life. Hunters were astonished to see a boy in the jungle. Boy was not aware of the human’s language but still he tried to make the hunters understand that killing of animals is not good. Even they have their near and dear ones who feel sad after losing them. Hunters decided not to hunt animals any more.

Intext Question {Page 15)

Question 1.
What are the negative factors that cause such fearful depletion of flora and fauna ?
Analyse any four reasons for the depletion of forest
Answer:
The negative factors that cause a fearful depletion of flora and fauna are as under :
(i) Expansion of railways.
(ii) Conversion of forest land into agricultural land.
(iii) Commercial and scientific forestry.
(iv) Mining activities.
(v) Large-scale development projects like river-valley project, etc.
(vi) Grazing of pastoral animals.
(vii) Hunting and poaching of wild animals.

Activity (Page 18)

Question 1.
Have you noticed any activity which leads to the loss of biodiversity around you ? Write a note on it and suggest some measures to prevent it.
Answer:
I have noticed the following activities around me which lead to the loss of biodiversity :
(i) People are fond of wooden furnitures. The demand is rising and it ultimately leads to destruction of forests.
(ii) About 15 to 20 families near our colony reside in slums. They use wood as fuel. It causes destruction of forests.
(iii) My friend’s father is fond of decorating his house with horns of different animals. It leads to loss of biodiversity.

Measures to prevent the loss of biodiversity :
(i) People should be made aware of the importance of biodiversity that it maintains ecological balance.
(ii) Government should legally ban hunting and take strict steps against those who disobey the laws.
(iii) People can be advised to buy furnitures made of plastic which is more durable and light in weight.

Activity (Page 19)

Question 1.
Collect more information on the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks of India and cite their locations on the map of India.
Answer:
See on the next page.

Intext Question (Page 20)

Question 1.
Can you find out the reasons for the above mentioned problems ?
Answer:
(i) Deforestation and draining of swamps.
(ii) Hunting of wild animals.
(iii) Throwing untreated industrial wastes into rivers.

Activity (Page 21)

Question 1.
Write a short essay on any practices, which you may have observed and practised in your everyday lives to conserve and protect the environment around you.
Answer:
[Students should do it themselves with the help of the hints given below :]
(i) Planting flowering plants in your garden.-
(ii) Planting trees (mango tree, banana tree, guava tree, pomegranate tree) in your garden.
(iii) Maintenance of park in your colony by planting trees, grass and flowering plants.

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple choice questions :
(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for depletion of flora and fauna ?
(a) Agricultural expansion
(b) Large scale developmental projects
(c) Grazing and fuel wood collection
(d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
Answer:
(i) – (c)

(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation ?
(a) Joint forest management
(b) Chipko movement
(c) Beej Bachao Andolan
(d) Demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries
Answer:
(ii) – (d).

Question 2.
Match the following animals with their category of existence :
Animals/Plants
(1) Blackbuck
(2) Asiatic elephant
(3) Andaman wild pig
(4) Himalayan brown bear
(5) Pink-headed duck

Category of existence :
(a) Extinct
(b) Rare
(c) Endangered
(d) Vulnerable
(e) Endemic
Answer:
(1) Blackbuck – (c) Endangered
(2) Asiatic elephant – (d) Vulnerable
(3) Andaman wild pig – (e) Endemic
(4) Himalayan brown bear – (b) Rare
(5) Pink-headed duck – (a) Extinct

Question 3.
Match the following :

Answer:
(1) – (6),
(2) – (c),
(3) – (a).

Question 4.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) What is biodiversity ? Why is biodiversity important for human lives ?
Answer:
Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function, but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of inter-dependencies. Biodiversity is important for human lives because we human beings, along with the biodiversity, form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part. We are very much dependent on this system for our own existence.

(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Answer:
Human activities which have affected the depletion of flora and fauna include—
(i) Agricultural expansion (It is one of the major causes of depletion of forest .)
(ii) Shifting cultivation.
(iii) Large-scale development projects.
(iv) Mining (It is also an important factor behind deforestation.)
(v) Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over¬exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning, forest fires. (There are some of the major factors which have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.) Other important causes of environmental destruction are unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well-being.

Question 5.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India ?
Answer:
Communities’ initiatives in protecting forests and wildlife in India :
(i) The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’. They declared their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting in this area. Also, they are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.

(ii) Some trees are considered sacred by the communities. For example, the Mundas and Santhal of Chhotanagpur region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees. The tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind and mango trees during weddings.

(iii) In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck (chinkara), nilgai and peacock can be seen as an integral part of the community. Nobody harms them.

(ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Answer:
Good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife:
(i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats.
(ii) The thrust of the programme was towards protecting the remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.
(iii) Government established National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
(iv) The central government announced several projects for protecting specific animals which were gravely threatened.
(v) Most recently, the Indian elephant, blackbuck, the great Indian bustard and the snow leopard, etc. have been given full or partial legal protection against hunting and trade throughout India.

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Human beings along with all other living organisms form:
(a) an ecological system
(b) a democratic system
(c) a civil society
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) an ecological system

Question 2.
Which of the following species is classified as extinct ?
(a) Lion tailed macaque
(b) Asiatic elephant
(c) Desert fox
(d) Pink headed duck
AnsweR:
(d) Pink headed duck

Question 3.
Which one of the following Tiger Reserves is seriously threatened by dolomite mining activity in West Bengal ?
(a) Manas
(b) Buxa
(c) Sunderban
(d) Corbett
Answer:
(b) Buxa

Fill in the blanks :

Question 4.
The species which are in danger of extinction known as…………..
Answer:
endangered species

Question 5.
The thrust of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) was to………..
Answer:
protect the remaining population of certain endangered species.

Question 6.
Forest land protected from any further depletion is called………….
Answer:
protected forest

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 7.
Forests are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Black buck comes under extinct species.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
The Buxa Tiger Reserve is situated in the state of West Bengal.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 10.
What do you mean by biodiversity or biological diversity?
Answer:
Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of inter-dependencies.

Question 11 .
When was the Project Tiger campaign started in India ?
Answer:
1973

Question 12.
Name the country which along with India provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world.
Answer:
Nepal

Case/Source-Based Integrated Questions

Question 13.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :

Source A : Biodiversity or Biological Diversity Is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies.

Source B : Vanishing Forests The dimensions of deforestation in India are staggering. The forest and tree cover in the country is estimated at 79.42 million hectare, which is 24.16 per cent of the total geographical area (dense forest 12.2 per cent; open forest 9.14 per cent; and mangrove 0.14 per cent). According to the State of Forest Report (2015), the dense forest cover has increased by 3,775 sq km since 2013. However, this apparent increase in the forest cover is due to conservation measures, management interventions and plantation, etc., by different agencies.

Source C : Asiatic Cheetah : Where did they go ?
The world’s fastest land mammal, the cheetah (Acinonyx jubantus), is a unique and specialised member of the cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km/hr. The cheetah is often mistaken for a leopard. Its distinguishing marks are the long teardrop shaped lines on each side of the nose from the comer of its eyes to its mouth. Prior to the 20th century, cheetahs were widely distributed throughout Africa and Asia. Today, the Asian cheetah is nearly extinct due to a decline of available habitat and prey. The species was declared extinct in India long back in 1952.

Questions :

Source A : Biodiversity or Biological Diversity
(i) What is biodiversity ?
Answer:
Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form and function but closely integrated in a system through multiple network of interdependencies.

Source B : Vanishing Forests
(ii) What is the estimated forest and tree cover in India ?
Answer:
The forest and tree cover in India is estimated at 79.42 million hectare.

(iii) According to the State of Forest Report (2015), the dense forest cover has increased bysq. km since 2013.
Answer:
3,775

Source C : Asiatic Cheetah : Where did they go ?
(iv) Which is the world’s fastest land mammal ?
Answer:
Cheetah is the world’s fastest land mammal.
(v) Which one of the following is an extinct species ?
(a) Blue sheep
(b) Asiatic Cheetah
(c) Black buck
(d) Asiatic elephant
Answer:
(b) Asiatic Cheetah

Question 14.
Source A : Project Tiger Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised that the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc.

The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population on the verge of extinction. Since India and Nepal provide habitat to about two- thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world, these two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal trading. “Project Tiger”, one of the well publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973.

Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.

Questions :
Source A: Project Tiger
(i) Which is the key wildlife species in the faunal web ?
Answer:
Tiger is the key wildlife species in the faunal web.

(ii) What is project tiger ?
Answer:
Project tiger is one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world and was launched in 1973.

(iii) Where is Corbett National Park located ?
Answer:
Corbett National Park is located in Uttarakhand.

(iv) In which state, Periyar Tiger Reserve is situated ?
Answer:
Kerala

(v) Along with India which country provides habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving tiger population in the world ?
Answer:
Nepal

Question 15.
Source A : Sacred groves – a wealth of diverse and rare species Nature worship is an age old tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. Certain societies revere a particular tree which they have preserved from time immemorial. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphaluscadamba) trees, and the tribals of Odisha and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings.

To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred. Indian society comprises several cultures, each with its own set of traditional methods of conserving nature and its creations. Sacred qualities are often ascribed to springs, mountain peaks, plants and animals which are closely protected. You will find troops of macaques and langurs around many temples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck, (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.

Questions :

Source A : Sacred groves – a wealth of diverse and rare species
(1) Which trees are worshipped by the Mundas and Santhals of Chhotanagpur region ?
Answer:
Mahua (Bassia latifolia) and Kadamba.

(ii) Tamarind and mango trees are worshipped during wedding by tribal groups of.
Answer:
Odisha and Bihar

(iii) Mundas and Santhals are the tribal community of region.
Answer:
Chhotanagpur

(iv) Which community in India is famous for protecting the blackbuck ?
Answer:
Bishnoi community of Rajasthan

Subjective Type Questions

Quedtion 16.
Explain the importance of bio-diversity for human beings.
Answer:
(1) Human beings share this planet with millions of other living beings.’
(2) We humans, with all other living organisms, form a complex web of ecological system in which we are only a part and very much dependent on this system for our existence.
(3) For example, the plants, animals and micro-organisms recreate the quality of air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food.
(4) Forests play a key role in the ecological system.

Question 17.
Prove with evidence that many of India’s vast flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction.
Answer:
Many of India’s vast flora and fauna are on the verge of extinction.

Evidences are as under :
(1) Some estimates suggest that at least 10 per cent of India’s recorded wild flora and 20 per cent of its mammals are on the threatened list.
(2) Many of these would now be categorised as critical that is on the verge of extinction.
(3) The cheetah, pink-headed duck, mountain quail, forest spotted owlet and plants like madhuca insignis (a wild variety of mahua) and hubbardia heptaneuron (a species of grass) are on the verge of extinction. In fact, no one can say how many species may have already been lost.

Question 18.
List any three examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer:
(1) Environmental degradation is a process through which the natural environment is compromised in some way, reducing biological diversity and natural health of the environment. Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over¬exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are the factors which have led to the decline in India’s bio¬diversity.

(2) Air, water and soil are all resources which are vulnerable to depletion through overuse, as are natural resources like minerals and oil deposits. Habitat pressure which force animals into a small area can also contribute to resource depletion as the animals consume a high volume of material in a small area.

(3) Pollution is another cause of environmental degradation. When the environment becomes polluted it means that toxic substances have rendered it unhealthy. Pollution can come from a variety of sources including vehicle emissions, agricultural runoff, chemical release from factories, etc.

Question 19.
Explain any three factors which led to the decline in India’s bio-diversity. Explain any two methods of forest conservation adopted by the government.
Answer:
(1) (i) Habitat destruction, hunting, poacning, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires have led to the decline in India’s biodiversity.
(ii) Unequal access, inequitable consumption of resources and differential sharing of responsibility for environmental well¬being are also responsible for environmental degradation.
(iii) Over-population in the third world countries is also considered as the cause of environmental degradation.

(2) (i) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions of protecting habitats.
Wvrvisfc of programme was towards protecting tine remaining population of certain endangered species by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife.

Question 20.
What are ‘Reserved Forests’ ? Name any two states which have large percentage of Reserve Forests of their total
forest area.
Answer:
(1) Reserved Forests : Reserved Forests are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned. More than half of the total forest land has been declared as Reserved Forest.
(2) Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large percentages of Reserve Forests of its total forest area.

Question 21 .
Write the important features of ‘Chipko Movement’ and ‘Joint Forests Management’ Programme.
Answer:
(1) Chipko Movement
(i) The Chipko Movement in the Himalayas has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas.
(ii) It has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

(2) Joint Forest Management Programme :
(1) The Joint Forest Management (JFM) Programme aims at involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests.
(2) Odisha was the first state to adopt this programme.
(3) JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the Forest Department.