UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development  InText Questions and Answers

Activity (Page 2)

Identify at least two resources from each category.
Answer:
1. Biotic resources – (i) human beings, (ii) natural vegetation.
2. Abiotic resources – (i) water, (ii) coal
3. Renewable resources – (i) forests, (ii) solar energy.
4. Non-renewable resources – (i) coal, (ii) compressed natural gas (CNG).
5. Individual resources – (i) land, (ii) house.
6. Community resources – (i) grazing grounds, (ii) public parks.
7. National resources – (i) minerals, (ii) water resources.
8. International resources – (i)Resources found in the sea beyond 200 km of EEZ (ii) resources found om Antractica.
9. Potential resources – (i) tidal energy, (ii) geothermal energy.
10. Developed resources – (i) coal, (ii) water.
11. Stock resources – (i) hydrogen atom present in water molecale. (ii) Energy present in the earth’s interior (core)
12. Reserves – (i) forests, (ii) water in dams.

Activity (Page – 3)

Prepare a list of stock and reserve, resources that you are familiar with from your local area.
Answer:
Stock resources – fallow land with rocky surface, reserve resources – forests.

Activity (Page 3)

Question 1.
Imagine if the oil supply gets exhausted one day, how would this affect our lifestyle ?
Answer:
If the oil supply gets exhausted one day, it will affect our lifestyle in the following ways—
(i) Movement of people will be badly affected, because most of the vehicles use oil.
(ii) The transportation system will be badly affected, people will not get goods of daily need.

Question 2.
Plan a survey in your colony/village to investigate people’s attitude towards recycling of the domestic/ agricultural wastes. Ask questions about:
(i) What do they think about resources they use ?
(ii) What is their opinion about the wastes, and its utilisation ?
(iii) Collage your results.
Answer:
Alok (a student of class X) planned a survey in his colony. He selected three persons, each of them belonging to three different economic status. He did so to draw a clear and non-partial conclusion.
The three persons Alok selected for interview were –
1. Dr. Anita Desai
2. Mrs. Sulekha (housewife)
3. Shanti Bai (a servant in Alok’s house)
Alok decided to interview Dr. Anita Desai on Sunday. Because on Sunday her clinic remained closed. He took her an appointment from in advance. He also prepared a questionnaire in advance so that he may not digress from the main topic. The interview Alok noted in his notebook is as follows.
Alok : Good morning, aunty.
Dr. Anita : Good morning. Please come inside.
Alok : As I have already told you, I have got a project from my school for which I need your cooperation.
Dr. Anita : Yes, of course. You can proceed with your questions.
Alok : Most of the furnitures of your house are made of wood. What do you do with the furniture which is damaged or becomes useless ?
Dr. Anita : We keep it ip our store as it can be reused for various other purposes. .
Alok : What do you do with the pile of newspaper that has collected over a month or two ?
Dr. Anita : I sell it to the hawker so that it can be reused.
Alok : Where do you throw the vegetable wastes ?
Dr. Anita : We throw them in the dustbin from where the waste collectors collect it.
Alok : What do you think about the toys and utensils made of plastic ?
Dr. Anita : No doubt they are very good, light in weight, washable and can be sold to the hawker when they break or become useless, so that they can be recycled.
Alok then decided to go to Mrs. Sulekha.
Alok : Namaste, aunty.
Mrs. Sulekha : Namaste, I was waiting for you. Tell me, what cooperation do you want from me for your project?
Alok : I will ask you some questions. You have only to answer those questions.
Mrs. Sulekha : Ok, I will certainly reply to your questions.
Alok : The folding bed lying behind you is made up of iron. What will you do if it badly breaks or gets rusted ?
Mrs. Sulekha : It will be a waste. As it cannot be thrown into the dustbin, I will throw it on the roadside.
Alok : Why won’t you sell it ?
Mrs. Sulekha : Since it will be useless, nobody will take it.
Alok : What do you do with vegetable wastes ?
Mrs. Sulekha: I throw them in the dustbin from where the sweeper collects it daily.
Alok : What about broken plastic things and toys ?
Mrs. Sulekha : I give them to some poor woman.
Alok : What do you do with old newspapers ?
Mrs. Sulekha : I sell them to the hawker as I get some money for them.
Alok then decided to interview Shanti Bai.’
Alok : Shanti Bai, I will ask you some questions regarding my project. I hope you will answer them.
Shanti Bai : Ok baba. What do you want to ask ?
Alok : What do you do with the vegetable wastes in your house ?
Shanti Bai : I throw them in the gali outside our house.
Alok : What you do with the empty plastic containers in your house ? Do you throw them too ?
Shanti Bai : No, they are very useful. We store water or grains in them.
Alok : Do you have a folding bed in your house ?
Shanti Bai : No, I have one cot (charpai) made of wood.
Alok : What will you do after it is damaged and cannot he used?
Shanti Bai : I will repair it or use it as fuel wood.
Alok : Why don’t you sell all wastes to the hawker like plastic containers, broken bed, etc.
Shanti Bai : These may be waste for you but for me these are useful things. ,
Conclusion : From this survey Alok reached to the conclusion that the people who are educated or belong to a higher economic status, like Dr. Anita, were more aware about recycling of domestic wastes. Mrs. Sulekha sells the wastes because she gets money in return not because she cares for recycling of the wastes. Shanti Bai throws vegetable wastes on the street. She is ready to use broken containers to collect water. The economically weaker class is not much aware about recycling domestic wastes.

Activity (Page 4)

Question 1.
Prepare a list of resources found in your state and also identify the resources that are important but deficit in your state.
Answer:
Students will answer this question according to the state they belong to. For example—students of Uttar Pradesh will answer this question in the following way –
Resources found in Uttar Pradesh
1. Water resources.
2. Soil resources
3. Agricultural resources

Resource deficit in Uttar Pradesh
1. Minerals
2. Petroleum

In-Text Questions (Page 4)

Question 1.
Can you name some resource-rich but economically backward regions and some resource-poor but economically developed regions ? Give reasons for such a situation.
Answer:
Regions rich in resource but backward :
(i) Jharkhand is rich in mineral resources but still it is economically backward due to the following reasons—
(a) illiteracy
(b) scarcity of agricultural land or rocky terrain
(c) lack of small-scale industries
(d) income inequality
(e) various tribes reside in this region, whose pace of development is very slow.

(ii) Assam is rich in minerals, petroleum, cultivable land, forests and water resources but is still economically backward. It is so because –
(a) Various tribal groups reside in this region who are still orthodox and believe in old traditions.
(b) Terrorism and insurgency (people crossing international boundaries illegally).
(c) Floods occur almost every year during rainy season. Region poor in resources but economically rich Delhi is poor in resources but still it is economically rich because it is the administrative capital of India. Most of the head offices of various government organisations are situated here. It is also industrially rich. Due to the efficient network of transport raw material is imported and finished good are made like garments, components of electronic goods and automobiles, etc.

Activity (Page 6)

Try to do a comparison between the two pie charts (Fig. 1.4) given for land use and find out why the net sown area and the land under forests have changed from 1960-61 to 2014-2015 very marginally.
Answer:
Causes of change in net sown area
(i) Government did not enphasize on increasing agricultural area.
(ii) To increase production other methods were adopted like using fertilizer, high yielding variety of seeds, etc.

Causes of change in forest cover :
(i) Clearing of forests was made illegal.
(ii) Awareness was brought among the masses towards the conservation of forests.
(iii) Afforestation was also done.

In-Text Question (Page 6)

Question 1.
The pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is over 80 per cent of the total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10 per cent in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands.
Find out reasons for the low proportion of net sown area in these states.
Answer:
Reasons for the low proportion of net sown area are as follows—
(i) Mostly tribal groups live in this region. Even today they practise shifting cultivation.
(ii) These states are covered by dense tropical forests.
(iii) These states receive very heavy rainfall.
(iv) The terrain of these regions is rocky.

(a) There is lack of fertile alluvial soils.

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Multiple choice questions :
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore ?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource tidal energy cannot be put ?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Abiotic
(c) Human made
(d) Non-recyclable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab ?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

(iv) In which one of the following states is the terrace cultivation practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(d) Uttaranchal

(v) In which of the following states black Soil is predominantly found ?
(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
Answer:
(i) (d)
(ii) (a)
(iii) (c)
(iv) (d)
(v) (b).

Question 2.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
Answer:
(a) Three states having black soil are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.
(b) The crop which is mainly grown in the is cotton, sugarcane and tobacco.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast ? Give three main features of this type of soil.
Answer:
(a) Alluvial soils
(b) Three main features of this type of soil are as follows –

• Alluvial soils are very fertile, therefore, intensively cultivated.
• Alluvial soils contain adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
• Alluvial soils consist of varied proportion of sand, silt and clay.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Answer:
(a) Terraces can be made on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion.
(b) Ploughing can be done along the contour lines, so that water will not run down the slopes.

(iv) What are biotic and abiotic resources ? Give some examples.
Answer:
(a) Biotic resources : The Resources obtained from the biosphere and have life are called biotic resources. For example, plants, animals, human beings, etc.
(b) Abiotic resources : The resources composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, etc.

Question 3.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61 ?
Answer:
Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land used for other non-agricultural purposes such as housing, roads and industry. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation. The improper use of forest land has degraded the available land area and has made conservation of forests difficult. Human activities such as deforestation, mining and quarrying have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources ?
Answer:
(a) Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, production increases. Ultimately, it leads to more consumption of resources.

(b) Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises the needs of people also rise. It again results into more consumption of resources.
(c) Economic development provides favourable environment for the development of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around us into resources, finally, it results into the consumption of new available resources too.

Project/Activity

1. Make a project showing consumption and conservation of resources in your locality.
2. Have a discussion in the class. How co conserve various resources used in the school ?
[Hints : There are various resources in your school like, desk, benches, water, playground, garden. You can suggest various measures to conserve these resources.]
3. Imagine if oil supplies get exhausted, how will this affect our lifestyle ?
[Hints : Students can answer some questions as,
(i) How will you go to school ?
(ii) How will your father go to the office?
(iii) How will your teachers come to the school ?
(iv) How your friends will reach school ?]
4. Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.
1. Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals-Resource.
2. A type of non-renewable resource-Minerals.
3. Soil with high water-retaining capacity-Black.

4. intensively leached soils of the mdnsoon climate Laterite.
5. Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion – Afforest,ation.
6. The great plains of India are made up of these soils – Alluvial.

UP Board Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resource and Development Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Who transform material available in our environment into resources and use them?
(a) Nature
(b) Human beings
(c) Foreign countries
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Human beings

Question 2.
Which one of the following is not the community owned resource ?
(a) Grazing grounds
(b) Burial grounds
(c) Village ponds
(d) Privately owned
Answer:
(d) Privately owned

Question 3.
Where was the First International Earth Summit held?
(a) Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
(b) Cape Town in South Africa
(c) New York in U.S.A.
(d) New Delhi in India
Answer:
(a) Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

Question 4.
What is the percentage share of plains in the total land area?
(a) 43%
(b) 23%
(c) 33%
(d) 27%
Answer:
(a) 43%

Question 5.
In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation
practised?
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Guj arat
(d) Uttarakhand
Answer:
(d) Uttarakhand

Question 6.
Which one of the following soil is ideal for growing cotton?
(a) Regur soil
(b) Lateñte soil
(c) Desert soil
(d) Mountainous soil
Answer:
(a) Regur soil

Fill in the blanks :

Question 7.
On the basis of origin, resources can be classified in…………
Answer:
biotic and abiotic.

Question 8.
Human beings is aresource.
Answer:
biotic

Question 9.
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for.
Answer:
judicious use of resources

Question 10.
The mountain share in the total land area is……..
Answer:
30%

Question 11.
When running water cuts through clayey soils and makes deep channels, they lead to.
Answer:
gully erosion

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 12.
Resources are free gifts of nature.
Answer:
False

Question 14.
Judicious use of resources is generally called the development of resources.
Answer:
True

Question 15.
Gandhiji was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.
Answer:
True

Question 16.
Land does not support natural vegetation and will life.
Answer:
False

Question 17.
The land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called fallow land.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 18.
Define resources.
Answer:
Everything which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘resource’.

Question 19.
What are potential resources?
Answer:
The resources which are found in a region, but have not been utilised.

Question 20.
What is the aim of Agenda 21 ?
Answer:
Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development.

Question 21.
Who said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.”
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 22.
Which two states have suffered land degradation due to overgrazing?
Answer:
Gujarat and Rajasthan have suffered land degradation due to overgrazing.

Picture Based Question:

Question 23.
Study the picture and answer the question that follows :

What does this picture show? What is the main cause of soil erosion? ,
Answer:
(1) This picture shows soil erosion. The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is described on soil erosion.
(2) They are deforestation, over-grazing construction and mining.

Assertion and Reason

Question 24.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A) : Resources are very important for the development of a country. It is necessary to conserve them.
Reason (R) : It takes million of years for the formation of natural resources. They are available in fixed quantity and they are non-renewable.
Option :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Case!Source-Based Integrated Question

Question 25.
Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows :

Source A: Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992 In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International Earth Summit. The Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development in the 21§t century.

Source B : Agenda 21 It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to responsibilities. One major objective of the Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

Questions :
Source A : Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992
1. In which country was the first International Earth Summit organized ?
Answer:
The first International Earth Summit was organized at Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.

2. Why was the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit convened ?
Answer:
Rio de Janeiro Summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.

Source B : Agenda 21

3. What is Agenda 21 ?
Answer:
It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

4. What is the aim of Agenda 21 ?
Answer:
It aims at achieving global sustainable development.

Subjective Type Questions

Question 26.
What is the importance of natural resource ? Why is it necessary to conserve them ?
Answer:
(1) Resources are important for the development of any country. For example, fossil fuels are essential to generate energy, mineral resources are importaht for industrial development, etc.
(2) It is necessary to conserve resources because :
(i) Their irrational consumption and over utilisation have led to socio-economic and environmental problems.
(ii) It takes millions of years for the formation of natural resources.
(iii) Natural resources are available in fixed quantity and they are non-renewable.

Question 27.
What is Agenda 21 ? List its two principles.
Answer:
(1) It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It aims at achieving global sustainable development.
(2) The principles are :
(1) It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty and disease through global cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
(ii) Secondly, every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

Question 28.
Explain the role of human in resource development.
Answer:
(1) Human beings should not use the resources
indiscriminately. It has led to global ecological crisis such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

(2) Resources should not be allowed to accumulate in a few hands. It divides the society into two segments, i.e., haves and have nots or rich and poor.

(3) Resource planning should be done for sustainable development. It means development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not be compromised with the needs of the future generations.

(4) Conservation of resources should be given priority because they Eire vital for developmental activity.

(5) Optimum utilization of resources need to be practised since resources are available in fixed quantity and cannot be reproduced or renewed.

Question 29.
What are the main advEmtages of India’s land under a vsiriety of relief features ?
Answer:
India has land under a variety of relief features, namely: mountains, plateaus, plains and islands.
(1) About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.
(2) Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area. They ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects.
(3) About 27 per cent of the land area is plateau. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

Question 30.
Mention any two human activities which are responsible for the process of soil erosion. Explain the two types of soil erosion mostly observed in India.
Answer:
(1) Deforestation, overgrazing, mining, construction, etc. are responsible for the process of soil erosion.
(2) Types of soil erosion : (i) Gullies : The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels/gullies. The unfit land caused by gullies is called bad land or ravines,
(ii) Sheet erosion : Water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. The top soil is washed away. This process is known as sheet erosion.

Question 31.
What is soil erosion ? What measures should be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas ?
Answe:
(1) Soil erosion : The denudation of soil cover and subsequent washing down is described as soil erosion.
(2) (i) Contour ploughing : Ploughing along the contour lines can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes.
(ii) Terrace cultivation : Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. Terrace cultivation restricts erosion.
(iii) Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops. This breaks up the force of the wind.
(iv) Shelter belts : Between the crops, trees are planted to create shelter. These are called shelter belts. These shelter belts have contributed significantly to the stabilisation tif sand dunes and in stabilising the desert in western India.