UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Development

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Development

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Development Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions.

UP Board Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development InText Questions and Answers

Let’s Work these out (Page 4)

Question 1.
Let us try to imagine what development or progress is likely to mean to different persons listed in Table 1.1. What are their aspirations? You will find that some columns are partially filled. Try to complete the Table. You can also add any other category of persons.
Answer:
Table 1.1 Developmental Goals of Different Categories of Persons

Let’s Work these out (Page 6)

Question 1.
Why do different persons have different notions of development ? Which of the following explanations is more important and why ?
(a) Because people are different.
(b) Because life situations of persons are different.
Answer:
(b) Because life situations of persons are different. This is because, people seek things that are most important
for them, i.e., the thing that can fulfil their aspirations or desires.

Question 2.
Do the following two statements mean the same ? Justify your answer:
(a) People have different developmental goals.
(b) People have conflicting developmental goals.
Answer:
No, the above two statements do not have the same meaning. This can be justified by the following example :
A boy from a rich urban family desires to get quality education and capital to invest. On the other hand, an activist from Narmada valley wants rehabilitation and regular work. These developmental goals are different but not conflicting.

Question 3.
Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.
Or
“Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live well.” Explain giving suitable examples.
[Annual Paper (Outside Delhi), 2010, Set 1,2, 3]
Answer:
(1) In the case of rural woman, gender equality is more important than income.
(2) For scheduled castes and tribes social equality, self¬confidence and self-esteem are more important factors than income.
(3) In the case of child labour proper education and freedom are more important factors than income.
(4) Job security is more important than more income for casual labourers.

Question 4.
Explain some of the important ideas of the above section in your own words ?
Answer:
(1) People want more income through regular work, better wages, higher prices for their products.
(2) Besides income, people have other developmental goals also such as equal treatment in the society, freedom, security, proper education, shelter, healthcare and self-esteem.
(3) For development, people seek a mix of goals.
(4) If women engage in paid job, their dignity in the household and society increases.
(5) A safe environment encourages women to take up variety of jobs or run a business.

Let’s Work these out (Page 7)

Discuss the following situations :

Question 1.
Look at the picture on the right. What should be the developmental goals for such an area ?
Answer:
(1) Pucca houses should be built for slum
(2) Water supply and sanitation facilities shoul for them.
(3) Through regular work and better wages their income should be increased.
(4) Quality education should be provided for their children.
(5) There should be no social discrimination against them.

Question 2.
Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:
Answer:
A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open- air dumps in a city and in the surrounding sea. This happened in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhoea, etc. After a month seven persons were dead, twenty in hospital and twenty six thousand treated for symptoms of poisoning.
A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals contracted a local company of the Ivory Coast to dispose the toxic waste from its ship.

(i) Who are the people who benefited and who did not ?
(ii) What should be the developmental goal for this country ?
Answer:
(i) The local company owner and the multinational company benefited while a large number of innocent local people suffered from this act.
(ii) The developmental goals for this country should be proper disposal of industrial wastes and better healthcare for the general people.

Question 3.
What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town or locality ?
Answer:
(1) Employment opportunities should be created.
(2) Local school should be able to provide quality education for the children.
(3) Pucca houses should be built for the poor households.
(4) Primary health centres and hospitals should be opened.
(5) There should be no existence of caste system and child labour.
(6) There should be no gender inequality within the family.

In-Text Question (Page 9)

Question 1.
Based on data given in Table 1.2, calculate the average income for both the countries.
(i) Will you be equally happy to live in both these countries?
(ii) Are both equally developed ?
Answer:

(i) No, because country B has not equitable distribution of income.
(ii) No, country A has equitable distribution of income among its citizens. In country B, 4 out of 5 citizens are poor.

Let’s Work these out (Page 9)

Question 1.
Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.
Answer:
(1) To compare the performance of cricket players, average is found out by dividing total runs scored by number of matches played excluding not outs.
(2) We find out average daily income to compare income of casual labourers.
(3) Average is used for comparing performance of students in an examination. The sum of marks obtained in each subject by a student is divided by the sum of the maximum marks in each subject and then multiplied with 100.

Question 2.
Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development ? Explain.
Answer:
Countries have different populations, total income does not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. This is known by average income. So, average income, i.e., per capita income is an important criterion for development.

Question 3.
Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies ?
Answer:
Per capita income is useful for comparison. But it does not tell us how this income is distributed among people. So, apart from size of per capita income, equitable distribution of income is important in comparing two or more societies.

Question 4.
Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better ? Illustrate your answer with an example.
Answer:
No, the increase in the average income of a country over a period does not mean that all sections of the economy have become better. Let us take an example from India. Average income of India has continuously been increasing since independence except for some particular years, but share of agriculture in total income of the economy has been decreasing. Even today, the condition of Indian farmers is pitiable.

Question 5.
From the text, find out the per capita income level of low-income countries as per world Development Reports.
Answer:
The per capita income level of low income countries was US $ 955 in 2017.

Question 6.
Write a paragraph on your nation of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.
Answer:
To become a developed country,
(1) India should accelerate its GDP growth. Special emphasis should be given on agriculture and small scale industries.
(2) There is urgent need to increase growth rate of agriculture sector by providing agricultural inputs, training, credit and marketing facilities to its farmers.
(3) We should develop our infrastructure, entrepreneurship, labour-intensive techniques, training, credit and marketing facilities and reduce corruption and red-tapism in government offices. Especially small scale industries should be encouraged.

Let’s Work these out (Page 12)

Question 1.
Look at data in Tables 1.3 and 1.4. Is Haryana ahead of Kerala in literacy rate, etc. as it is in terms of per capita income ?
TABLE 1.3 PER CAPITA INCOME OF SELECT STATES

TABLE 1.4 SOME COMPARATIVE DATA ON HARYANA, KERALA AND BIHAR

Answer:
No, the per capita income of Haryana is nearly 10% more than that of Kerala but the literacy rate of Haryana (82%) is less than that of Kerala (94%).

Question 2.
Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.
Answer:
There are a number of examples in life where collective provision of goods and services is better and cheaper than individual provision.
(1) Hospital – Collective or public hospital will certainly be cheaper and better in comparison to the cost in availling medical facilities or a doctor at home. Also, it is not possible for every family to afford private medial facilities.
(2) Electricity – Collective electricity, i.e., electricity from State Electricity Boards or BSES in Delhi is cheaper than that of running generator in the house.

Question 3.
Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities ? What other factors could be relevant ?
Answer:
1. No. Though the availability of good health and educational facilities depend heavily on amount of money spent by the government on these facilities but not only on these factors.
2. The other relevant factors are :
(i) Government’s devotion towards these facilities
(ii) Private participation in these areas ; and
(iii) Public awareness about health and education.

Question 4.
In Tamil Nadu, 90% of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35% of rural people do so. Where would people be better off and why ?
Answer:
The people of Tamil Nadu would be better off. This is because, here 90% of the rural people use ration shops. These people can get foodgrains, sugar, kerosene oil, etc. from ration shops at a price lower than the market price.

Activity 1 (Page 7)

Question 1.
If even the idea of wjiat constitutes development can be varied and conflicting, then certainly there can be differences about ways of developing. If you know of any such controversy, try to find out arguments advanced by different people. You may do so by talking to different persons or you may find it from the newspapers and television.

Answer:
Students, do it yourselves.

Activity 2 (Page 12)

Question 1.
Study Table 1.5 carefully and fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs. For this, you may need to make calculations based on the table.
Table 1.5 Educational Achievement of Rural Population of Uttar Pradesh

Answer:
(a) The literacy rate for all age groups, including young and old, is 76% for rural males and 54% for rural females. However, it is not just that these many adults could not attend school but that there are 16.5% who are currently not in school.

(b) It is clear from the table that 18% of rural girls and 15% of rural boys are not attending school. Therefore, illiteracy among children in the age group 10-14 is as high as 13% for rural females and 10% for rural males.

(c) This high level of illiteracy among 16-14 age group, even after more them 68 years of our independence, is most disturbing. In many other states also we are nowhere near realisation of the constitutional goal of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by 1960.

UP Board Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Development of a country can generally be determined by
(i) its per capita income
(ii) its average literacy level
(iii) health status of its people
(iv) all the above.
Answer:
(iv) all the above.
(Note : Though per capita income is the most common method for measuring development. However, over the past decade, or so, education and health indicators have come to be widely used along with income as a measure of development.)

Question 2.
Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India ?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
Answer:
(ii) Sri Lanka.

Question 3.
Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs. 5,000. If the income of three families are Rs. 4,000, Rs. 7,000 and Rs. 3,000 respectively. What is the income of the fourth family ?
(i) Rs. 7,500
(ii) Rs. 3,000
(iii) Rs. 2,000
(iv) Rs. 6,000
Answer:
(iv) Rs. 6,000
(Hint: Suppose that the income of the fourth family = x

∴ Rs. 14,000 + x = Rs. 20,000
∴ x = Rs. 20,000 – Rs. 14,000 = Rs. 6,000

Question 4.
What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries ? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any ?
Answer:
(1) (i) The average income, i.e., per capita income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries.
(ii) According to World Development Report 2017, published by the World Bank, countries with per capita income of US $12,056 per annum and above in 2017 are called rich countries. On the other hand, countries with per capita income of US $955 e less are called low-income countries.
(2) Limitation : Per capita income does not tell us how this income is distributed among people. In other words, it hides disparities.

Question 5.
In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank ?
Answer:
The World Bank uses income as the criterion for measuring development while the UNDP uses health and education indicators also with income as a measure of development.

Question 6.
Why do we use averages ? Are there any limitations to their use ? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Answer:
(1) Average is a single value which summarises the characteristics of mass of data. Since countries have different populations, total income does not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. This is known by average income. That is why, we use averages or average income for measuring development.
(2) Yes, there are following limitations to their use :
(i) An average is influenced by extreme values.
(ii) An average may not give an idea about the formation of the series.
Hence, average income does not tell us how this income is distributed among people. For example,
(i) Only 54% of rural female in Uttar Pradesh are literate while the national average of literacy rate of India was 74%% for 2011.
(ii) Per capita income of Bihar for 2015-16 was Rs. 34,409 while that of India for the same year was Rs. 77,826.
Thus, averages hide disparities.

Question 7.
Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree ? Discuss.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement that per capita income is not a useful criterion at all. Income is considered one of the most important criteria. This is because, more income means more of all things that human beings need. The World Bank also uses per capita income as the criterion for measuring development, i.e., comparing states. But this criterion has certain limitations. We can draw the following conclusions from the above fact :
(1) The relationship between human development ranking and the per capita income does not show any correspondence.
(2) Money cannot buy all the goods and services that we may need to live well. For example, money cannot buy a pollution free environment.
(3) Income by itself is not an adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use.

Question 8.
Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now ?
Answer:
The present sources of energy used by people in India are:
1. (i) Conventional sources : Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Electricity
(ii) Non-conventional sources : Solar energy, Wind energy, Biogas, Geothermal energy, Tidal energy, Wave energy.

2. The possibility is that India would have depended on electricity and non-conventional sources of energy. This is because, the world stock of crude oil would last only 50.2 years more if people continue to extract it at the present rate.

Question 9.
Why is the issue of sustainability important for development ?
Answer:
Sustainability for development or sustainable development refers to the development win 2004 hich should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present. It should also not compromise on the needs of the future generation.

Thus, the issue of sustainability is important for ‘ development because:

1. Rapid economic growth and industrialisation have led to reckless exploitation of natural resources. But the stock of these resources like crude oil, are limited. The growth of all countries in future is likely to be endangered if the limited resources are completely exhausted.
2. Though crude oil and minerals are essential for economic development, their use damages the environment and ecology.
They cause pollution and disturb the balance in nature.

Question 10.
“The Earth has enough resources to meet the 1 need of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development ? Discuss.
Answer:
This statement is relevant to the discussion of development in the following ways :
(1) Our earth has enough non-renewable resources to meet our present and future needs for development if we use them in an economic manner. We should not have greed because rapid economic development is turning our world into a vast wasteland.
(2) In developed countries, the major cause of worry is supposed to be a wasteful consumption style of resources. In developing countries, the cause of such worry is said to be large and increasing population.
(3) To industrialise rapidly, underdeveloped countries use fossil fuel, minerals and timber as sources of industrial energy. They are depleting these natural resources and degrading natural ecosystems.
(4) Intensive farming and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to over-exploitation of land and water resources.
(5) The present production technology pollutes atmosphere and water bodies with garbage, litter, smoke and other poisonous gases.

Question 11.
List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer:
(1) Land degradation : There is serious problem of land degradation and soil erosion. Nearly 53% of the total land area in India is suffering from serious degradation.
(2) Decline in groundwater : Groundwater is under serious threat of overuse in many parts of the country.
(3) Deforestation : India’s forests have been viciously attacked and destroyed especially since independence. The forest cover in India is still below the recommed level of 33%.
(4) Air pollution : Industrialisation and urbanisation has led to air pollution. Some chemical gases are poisonous while other gases damage the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
(5) Water pollution: Water pollution is a result of discharge of untreated water from industry, domestic sewage and fertilizers or pesticides run-off from agricultural fields.
(6) Mining : Mining activities is digrading environment by destroying land, water, forest and air.

Question 12.
For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Answer:
Based on to Table 1.6, we can draw following conclusions :
(1) In terms of per capita income, Sri Lanka with US $11,326 is at the top while Bangladesh with US $3,677 is at the bottom.
(2) In life expectancy at birth again Sri Lanka with 75.5 years is at the top whereas Bangladesh with 72.8 years is at the bottom.
(3) On the basis of literacy rate for 15 + years population, Sri Lanka with 91 is at the top while Bangladesh is at the bottom.
(4) In Gross Enrolment Ratio for three levels, Sri Lanka is again at the top while Pakistan is at the bottom.
(5) In terms of HD rank in the world, Sri Lanka is at the top whereas Pakistan is at the bottom.

Question 13.
The following table shows the proportion of adults (age 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal BMI<18.5 Kg/m² in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015 – 2016. Look at the table and answer the following questions :

(i) Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala
and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in } the country are undernourished even though it is argued
that there is enough food in the country ? Describe in your words.
Answer:
(1) Based on this table, the nutritional level of people in Kerala is 90.75% while that of people in Madhya Pradesh is , 72%.
(2) It has the following reasons :
(i) It is the failure of our Public Distribution System. The ration shop dealers sell poor quality grains at ration shops.
(ii) The dealers are generally found resorting to malpracties ^ like diverting the grains to open market to get better margin.
(Hi) The dealers do not open ration shops regularly. So, the poor have to depend on markets rather than the ration shops for their food needs.

Additional Project/Activity

Question 1.
Invite three different speakers to talk to you about the development of your region. Ask them all the questions that come to your mind. Discuss these ideas in groups. Each group should prepare a wall chart, giving reasons about ideas that you agree or do not agree with.
Answer:
Students, do it yourselves.

UP Board Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 Development Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
The development goals can be classified into which one of the following groups ?
(а) Material and spiritual
(b) Physical and mental
(c) Short term and long-term
(d) Material and non-material
Answer:
(d) Material and non-material

Question 2.
Which of the following do we get when we divide the National Income of a country by its total population ?
(a) HDI Rank
(b) Literacy Rate
(c) Human Development Index
(d) Per Capita Income
Answer:
(d) Per Capita Income

Question 3.
Which state among the following has the lowest literacy ate?
(a) Punjab
(b) Bihar
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer:
(b) Bihar

Question 4.
Which of the following neighbouring countries have a better performance in terms of development than that of India ?
(a) Sri Lanka
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Nepal
(d) Pakistan
Answer:
(a) Sri Lanka

Question 5.
Which one of the following countries of the world has the largest crude oil reserves ?
(a) Russia
(b) U.SA.
(c) Middle East
(d) China
Answer:
(c) Middle East

Fill in the blanks :

Question 6.
Common development goals for all the citizens of a country could be……………..
Answer:
regular work, better wages, and decent price for their crops

Question 7.
Average income hides ……………….
Answer:
disparities

Question 8.
Per Capita Income is also known as ……………
Answer:
Average Income

Question 9.
HDI stands for…………..
Answer:
Human Development Index

Question 10.
The main factor responsible for overuse of ground water in western UP is………………
Answer:
irrigation for farming

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 11.
The development goal for the landless rural labourers is more days of work and better wages.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
In addition to higher income, people’s goals are equal treatment, freedom, respect and security.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
Bihar ranks higher compared to Maharashtra even with a lower Per Capita Income.
Answer:
False

Question 14.
Punjab is known for overuse of groundwater.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 15.
Why do some people oppose dams ?
Answer:
Dams may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced such as tribals.

Question 16.
Mention one criterion used by the World Bank is classifying different countries as rich and poor countries.
Answer:
Per Capita Income

Question 17.
The Infant Mortality Rate of which state is higher than that of the poorest regions of the world ?
Answer:
Bihar

Question 18.
How would you calculate Body Mass Index?
Answer:
By Dividing the weight by the square of the height.

Question 19.
Give an example of non-renewable resource.
Answer:
Complete the Table:
Category of Person

Answer:

Assertion and Reason

Question 20.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statement and choose the correct option:
Assertion (A) Sustainable development is essential for economic development of countries.
Reason (R) Sustainable development ensures that enviorment friendly measures are adopted for carrying out production process.
Option:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is correct and R is incorrect.
(D) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Case/Source-Based Integrated Questions

Question 21.
The table below shows the monthly income of the citizens of two countries. Read the table carefully and answer the following question :

(а) Calculate the average income of country X and Y.
(b) Which country is better and why ?
(c) Why total income is not a useful measure for making comparisons between countries.
Answer:
(a) Average Income of a country _ Total Income of a country Its population

(b) (i) Country X is better.
(ii) This is because, country X has more equitable distribution of income.

(c) Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn.

Question 22.
Mohit is 28 years of age, has 65 kg of body weight and is 1.4 metres tall. Calculate his BML Find out whether he is under nourished or over weight. Why ?
Answer:
(1) One way to find out if we are properly nourished is to calculate what nutrition scientists call Body Mass Index (BMI).
(2) For calculating BMI, we have to take the weight of the person in kg and the height in metres. Further, we divide the weight in kg by the square of the height. The number we get is called BMI.
If this figure is less than 18.5 then the person would be considered undernourished. However, if this BMI is more than 25, then a person is overweight.
(3) The weight of Mohit 65 kg
Height =1.4 metres

In this way, Mohit is overweight because his BMI is more than 25.

Subjective Type Questions

Question 23.
Mention any three developmental goals for an aadivasi from Narmada valley.
Answer:
The developmental goals for an aadivasi from Narmada valley are as follows :
They may seek small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.
They may want rehabilitation, better job opportunities, more days of work and better wages.
Local school should be able to provide quality education for their children. There should be quality health facilities in the area.

Question 24.
Prove with three examples that “What may be development for one may not be development for the others”.
Answer:
(1) Different individuals have different as well as conflicting notions of developmental goals because life situations of persons are different. People seek things that are most important for them. These things can fulfil their aspirations, desires or needs.

(2) Certainly, different persons can have different developmental goals. For example, landless agricultural labourers may expect more days of work and better wages. Prosperous farmers may want a high family income through higher support prices for
their crops. People belonging to Scheduled Castes want higher income, social equality, increase in job opportunities, quality education and better health facilities.
(3) It is also true that sometimes these goals may be conflicting. For example, industrialists may want more dams to get more electricity. While tribals and farmers may resent this as it may submerge their land and disrupt their lives. They may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land.

Question 25.
Describe any five conditions or aspects that you would consider before accepting a job.
Answer:
I would like to consider the following aspects before accepting a job :
(1) Better wages : Money or material things that one can buy with it, is the main factor on which our life depends. So, I would like to have better wages.
(2) Facilities for my family : There should be provision of Provident Fund, Gratuity, Paid Leave, Leave Travel Allowance, Pension, etc.
(3) Better working atmosphere or opportunity: A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business.
(4) Job security : There should be security of employment and regular job.
(5) Government rules and regulations : The organization should follow government rules and regulations like Factories Act, Industrial Dispute Act, Minimum Wages Act, etc.

Question 26.
On what basis the rich and low income countries have been categorized in the world ? According to World Development Report, India comes in which category ? Give reason for the same.
Answer:
(1) (i) Total income of a country is the summation of incomes of all the residents of the country.
(ii) While Per Capita Income is the Total Income of the country divided by its total population.
(2) According to World Development Report, the countries are classified as the rich and low income countries on the basis of Per Capita Income :
(1) Countries with Per Capita Income of US $ 12,056 per annum and above in 2017, are called rich countries.
(ii) Countries with Per Capita Income of between US $ 955 and US $ 12,056 are called middle-income countries.
(iii) The countries with Per Capita Income of US $ 955 or less are called low-income countries.
(3) India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its Per Capita Income in 2017 was just US $ 1820 per annum.

Question 27.
What is Human Development Report ? Which organisation measures HDR ? Explain the three major indicators of HDR.
Answer:
(1) This is the report published by UNDP for comparing countries based on the education levels of the people, their health status and Per Capita Income.
(2) UNDP is responsible for measuring HDR.
(3) The three major indicators of HDR are as under :
(i) Educational levels
(ii) Health status
(iii) Per Capita Income.

Question 28.
Explain three main reasons for the need of environment friendly economic growth and two ways to achieve it.
Answer:
(1) (i) In the process of economic growth, damage is being caused to environment and ecology which ultimately will hurt human beings.
(ii) Rapid economic growth and industrialization has led to reckless exploitation of natural resources. There is fear of complete exhaustion of these natural resources.
(iii) To make development sustainable, environmental issues have to be merged in development.
(2) (i) We should use eco-friendly technology.
(ii) The government should enforce environmental laws strictly