UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy Rights InText Questions and Answers

In-text Question (Page 103)

Question 1.
Each of these cartoons (see textbook page 103) represents a challenge to democracy. Please describe what that challenge is. Also place it in one of the three categories mentioned in the first section.
Answer:
Cartoon (Mubarak re-elected): It represents the influence of the rich and powerful people on the election, the basic procedure of democracy.

Challenge – Deepening of democracy.
Answer:
Cartoon (Seeing the democracy): It represents the existence of non-democratic regimes in the world. It tries to show that democracy does not come by the use of bullet.

Challenge – Foundational challenge.
Answer:
Cartoon (Liberal gender equality) : It represents that in principle, we talk about gender equality, but in practice, male dominancy is observed in democracy.

Challenge – Challenge of expansion.
Answer:
Cartoon (Campaign money) : It represents how is money used to influence decision making in democracy by the rich and powerful people.

Challenge – Deepening of democracy.

In-text Question (Pages 104-105)

In-text Question (Page 106)

Question 1.
Now that you have noted down all these challenges, let us group these together into some broad categories. Given below are some spheres or sites of democratic politics. You may place against each of these the specific challenges that you noted for one or more countries or cartoons in the previous section. In addition to that write one item for India for each of these spheres. In case you find that some challenges do not fit into any
of the categories given below, you can create new categories and put some items under that.
Answer:

In-text Questions (Page 107)

Question 1.
Let us group these again, this time by the nature of these challenges as per the classification suggested in the first section. For each of these categories, find at least one example from India as well.
Answer:

Question 2.
Now let us think only about India. Think of all the challenges that democracy faces in contemporary India. List those five that should be addressed first of all. The listing should be in order of priority, i.e., the challenge you find most important or pressing should be mentioned at number 1, and so on. Give one example of that challenge and your reasons for assigning it the priority.
Answer:

In-text Questions (Page 109)

Question 1.
Here are some challenges that require political reforms. Discuss these challenges in detail. Study the reform options offered here and give your preferred solution with reasons. Remember that none of the options offered here is ‘right’ or ‘wrong*. You can opt for a mix of more than one options, or come up with something that is not offered here. But you must give your solution in details and offer reasons for your choice.
Answer:
I shall go with the following reform proposals regarding Doctor’s absenteism :

(i) The government should make it compulsory for the doctors to live in the villages where they are posted. But they must be provided the facilities like clean and well ventilated houses with electricity supply and the provision of clean water. There must be appropriate schooling system for their children. Means of communication should be there in the villages. Necessary machines for the diagnosis of the diseases should be provided in each health centre in the villages. Adequate medicines must be supplied to health centres so that the doctors can make them available to the patients.

Reasons : Doctors usually say no to their posting in rural areas due unavailability of facilities. If the doctors and the health centres are provided the facilities mentioned above than they would live in the rural area to take care of the villagers.

(ii) Village Panchayat should be given the power to write the annual report of the doctor which should be read out in the gram sabha meeting.
Reasons: Village Panchayat is able to check the presence of doctors everyday in the health centre. It can also assess overall treatment system available to the patients.

(iii) District administration should also carry out surprise raids to check attendance of the doctors.
Reasons: It will make the doctors responsible to their duty. Also, they will work properly and stay in the hospitals due to probable actions taken by the district administrators for the doctors’ absenteism.

I shall go with the following reform proposals regarding political funding :
(i) There should be state funding of elections.
Reasons : State funding will reduce the dependence of the political parties as well as candidates on the donations provided by the businessmen to fulfil their demands.

(ii) There must be silence mode of convasing without wide use of banners and leaflets during elections. Each candidate must be directed to make his/her identity by visiting door to door and give his/her plan of action for which he/she wishes to be elected.
Reasons: The silence mode of convasing will automatically reduce the expenses and open a way to relate the candidates and the electorates directly.

Question 2.
Any other problem of your choice.
Answer:
Challenge : Generally, it has been observed that the teachers in colleges run their private tuition or coaching centres. As and when their class is over, they leave the college and invest their time in earning money. If students had to take suggestions, concerned teachers are not available. Not only this, instead of teaching them well in the class, they suggest students to join their coaching classes. This has led to a tendency among the students to bunk their classes. This has greatly affected the quality of education.

Reform proposals:
(i) Government should make it compulsory for the teachers to stay in the colleges till these are closed for the day.
(ii) The university officials should carry surprise raids to check the teachers’ attendance and if found absent during their classes, they should be heavily penalised.
(iii) There should be a provision of ‘Best Teacher’s Award’. The students will select one teacher from each subject, every year from their colleges. The teacher who gets three such awards, should be given special incentive.

In-text Question (Page 112)

Here is your space for writing your own definition of good democracy.
(Write your name here) XYZ ’s definition of good democracy (not more than 50 words) :
Answer:
A good democracy is one in which the rulers elected by the people take major decisions under the framework of the
Constitution to fulfil the wishes of the people, but if they do not withstand their expectations, people can call them back.
Features (use only as many points as you want. Try to compress it in as few points as possible):

1. Democracy should reduce differences, giving full respect to these.
2. People should have the right to call their representatives back before time, if they do not perform.
3. Once found guilty, people should be banned from contesting elections.
4. Democracy should take care of socio-economic matters equally and find out means to minimise economic inequality among citizens.
5. Democracy should provide sufficient representation to the minority and dis-advantaged classes.
6. In a good democracy, the elected leaders should follow certain moral principles, which form an ideal for the rest of the society.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 8 Challenges to Democracy Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Foundational challenge does not involve which one of the following ?
(a) Bringing down the existing non-democratic regimes.
(b) Strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy.
(c) Keeping military away from controlling government. id) Working against a sovereign and functional state.
Answer:
(d) Working against a sovereign and, functional state

Question 2.
In which country did the ethnic riots between Serbs and Albanians take place ?
(a) Yugoslavia
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) Poland
Answer:
(a) Yugoslavia

Question 3.
Which one of the following is different from the other three with reference!*) the challenge of democracy ?
(а) Foundational challenge
(b) Challenge of expansion
(c) Religious believes in democracy
(d) Deepening of democracy
Answer:
(c) Religious believes in democracy

Question 4.
Which legal act is the best to empower people to carry out democratic reforms ?
(a) Right to Information Act
(b) Right to freedom
(c) Right to education
(d) Right to move freely
Answer:
(a) Right to Information Act

Fill in the blanks :

Question 5.
Most of the established democracies face the…………..
Answer:
Challenges of expansion.

Question 6.
In a democratic country,, the government is people’s government which is headed by their………..
Answer:
representatives

Question 7.
The Right to Information Act was implemented on…………..
Answer:
12 October, 2005

Question 8.
Democracy is the form of government in which rulers are elected by the…………..
Answer:
People

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 9.
Not allowing women to take part in public activities refers to challenge of expansion to democracy.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
There is freedom for religious minorities in Saudi Arabia.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
People should have the right to call their representatives back before time, if they do not perform.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 12.
Write the name of any two countries which are facing the foundational challenge to democracy.
Answer:
Egypt, Syria.

Question 13.
What is a challenge of deepening of democracy?
Answer:
Strengthening of institutions to increase people’s participation and control.

Question 14.
What is RTI ?
Answer:
The Right to Information Act (RTI), 2005 empowers the people to find out what is happening in government and acts as watchdogs of democracy.

Question 15.
Which is the most distinctive features of democracy ?
Answer:
The most distinctive features of democracy is that its examination never gets over.

Match the following:

Question 16.
Match Column A with Column B :

Column A	Column B
(1) RTI	(A) strengthening of institutions
(2) Low prices for crops societies	(B) 2005
(3) Deepening of democracy	(C) Ensuring greater power to local governments.
(4) Challenge of Expansion	(D) Myanmar

(а) (1) – (A), (2) – (B), (3) – (C), (4) – (D)
(b) (1) – (B), (2) – (D), (3) – (A), (4) – (C)
(c) (1) – (D), (2) – (A), (3) – (B), (4) – (C)
(d) (1) – (D), (2) – (C), (3) – (A), (4) – (B)
Answer:
(b) (1) – (B), (2) – (D), (3) – (A), (4) – (C)

Assertion and Reason

Question 17.
In the Question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option.
Options :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Assertion (A) : Election must offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current ruler.
Reason (R) : This choice and opportunity should be available to all the people on an equal basis.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Case/Source-Based Integrated Question

Question 18.
Democracy is the form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. We then looked at many cases and expanded the definition slightly to add some qualifications :

• The rulers elected by the people must take all the major decisions.
• Elections must offer a choice and fair opportunity to the people to change the current rulers.
• This choice and opportunity should be available to all the people on an equal basis; and
• The exercise of this choice must lead to a government limited by basic rules of the Constitution and citizen’s rights.

(i) Define democracy.
Answer:
Democracy is the form of government in which rulers are elected by the people. ,

(ii) The ruler elected by the people must take all the major.
Answer:
decisions

(iii) Election must offer aandopportunity to the people to change the current rulers.
Answer:
choice, fair

Subjective Type Questions

Question 19.
“Challenge is an opportunity for progress”. Justify the statement.
Answer:
(1) Really, a challenge is not just any problem, but, it is an opportunity for progress. We usually call only those difficulties a ‘challenge’ which are significant and which can be overcome.
(2) A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. Once we overcome a challenge, we go up to a higher level than before.
(3) Different countries face different kinds of challenges. There are three types of challenges being faced by the modem democracies of the world-foundational challenge; challenge of expansion; and deepening of democracy.

Question 20.
What kinds of governments are facing the foundational challenge for democracy ? Mention any two measures undertaken by them for establishing democracy.
Answer:
(1) At least one-fourth of the globe is still not under democratic government. The governments of these countries are facing the foundational challenge for democracy.

(2) (i) They started popular movement that aimed at restoring democracy, e.g., Nepal.
(ii) Tlie struggle involved many organisations other than political parties. All the major labour unions and their federations joined this movement. Many other organisations like the organisation of the indigeneous people, teachers, lawyers and human rights groups extended support to the movement.

Question 21.
Explain any two challenges that Indian democracy is facing.
Answer:
(1) Illiteracy among people was a matter of grave concern for the successful functioning of democracy in India. The level of education of citizens is a key to both the successful functioning of democracy and socio-economic development of the country.
(2) Poverty is considered as the greatest bane of democracy. It is generally said that for a hungry person right to vote does not have any meaning.
(3) Discrimination against girls and women exists in every walk of life. We experienced such experiences of prevailing gender inequality in our society and polity.
(4) In recent years, criminalization of politics in India has become a debatable issue. Democracy can be strengthened by adopting and promoting democratic values and shunning criminal activities.
(5) The Indian democracy faces serious challenges also from casteism, communalism and religious fundamentalism. They weaken the functioning and stability of democratic system.

Question 22.
“The challenge of deepening of democracy is faced by every democracy in one form or another”. Support the statement with suitable examples.
Answer:
(1) The challenge of deepening of democracy is faced by every democracy in one form or another.
(2) This involves strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy in such a way that people can realise their expectations of democracy.
(3) This challenge takes different meanings and paths in different parts of the world as ordinary people have different expectations from democracy in different societies.
(4) In general terms, it usually means strengthening those institutions that help people’s participation and control.
(5) This requires an attempt to bring down the control and influence of the rich and powerful people in making governmental decision.

Question 23.
“In Saudi Arabia women are not allowed to take part in public activities and there is no freedom for religious minorities.” Examine the challenges before the Saudi Arabian government in such a situation.
Answer:
In a democratic country, the government is people’s government which is headed by their representatives. In case of Saudi Arabia, women are not allowed to participate in public activities and minorities have no religious freedom. So, following democratic challenges exist there :
(1) Making them aware of the people’s right to elect their own representatives to rule over them.
(2) Making them aware of the different democratic institutions.
(3) Making them aware of elections and its importance.
(4) Making them aware of the importance of equality of gender.
(5) Making them aware of the importance of fundamental rights of the people.
(6) Making them aware of the concept of equality of citizens.
(7) Making them aware of freedom of practising religion of own choice.

Question 24 .
“Democratic reforms are to be brought about principally through political practice”. Explain the statement,
Answer:
(1) The main focus of political reforms should be on ways to strengthen democratic practices.
(2) Any proposal for political reforms should think not only about what is a good solution but also about who will implement it and how.
(3) It is not very wise to think that the legislatures will pass legislations that go against the interest of all the political parties and MPs.

Question 25.
Mention any three ways through which democracy can be improved in practical form.
Answer:
Three ways through which democracy can be improved in practical form are as under :
(1) We need better ways to limit the power of politicians to curb corruption.
(2) The participation of common people in decision-making process should be enhanced.
(3) Media should be unbiased so that the people will have true knowledge about various issues.