UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science  Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements InText Questions and Answers

In-text Question (Page 60)

Question 1.
Are you suggesting that strike, dhama, bandh and demonstration are good for democracy ?
Answer:
(i) Democracy evolves through struggle by the people of the country. Strike, dhama, bandh and demonstrations are the democratic means of struggle. These are a good thing till used peacefully for a genuine democratic demand, otherwise these may be harmful equally.

(ii) When these things take place democratically in a country, it means the democracy is expanding and deepening its roots. It is not only our country where these happen, in every democratic country these are observed when the general will of the people is ignored.

In-text Question (Page 61)

Question 1.
Does it mean that whichever side manages to mobilise a bigger crowd gets away with whatever it wants ? Are we saying that ‘Might is Right’ in a democracy ?
Answer:
(i) No, mobilising a bigger crowd does not let any side have what it wants. It is not simply mobilising. People cannot be mobilised as objects. In fact, it is rooted in the common interest of the people. It is the common and genuine interest of the people that has the force of mobilising the mass. The force of struggle in the people for a common cause cannot originate at the will of any group, it is spontaneous.

(ii) No, we can say it in other words that people’s will and interest has might and it is through this that a democracy evolves.

Let us Revise (Page 61)

Question 1.
In 1984, the Karnataka government set up a company called Karnataka Pulpwood Limited. About 30,000 hectares of land was given virtually free to this company for 40 years. Much of this land was used by local farmers as grazing land for their cattle. However the company began to plant eucalyptus trees on this land, which could be used for making paper pulp. In 1987, a movement called Kittiko-Hachchiko (meaning, pluck and plant) started a non-violent protest, where people plucked the eucalyptus plants and planted saplings of trees that were useful to the people. Suppose you belong to any of the following groups, what arguments would you put forward to defend your side : a local farmer, an environmental activist, a gov¬ernment official working in this company or just a consumer of paper.
Answer:
(i) A local farmer : Since plantation of eucalyptus will lead to complete devastation of other vegetation cover of the area, we people will be greatly affected as we will not have land for grazing our cattles. So, this must not be permitted.

(ii) An environmental activist: Eucalyptus plantation grows very fast at the cost of underground water. It has been seen through experience that wherever eucalyptus plantations were grown, within a few years, the piece of land had become barren. Not only this, they also affected the growth of smaller plants under them. So, it should not be permitted.

(iii) A government official: I do not know whether this plantation has negative or positive effect. Being a government servant, I have to comply with my duty and continue with planting eucalyptus.

(iv) A consumer of paper : It feels good that a pulp company has been established locally. Very soon it will start producing pulp and paper and supply them at a cheaper rate due to reduction in the cost of transportation.

Let Us Read Cartoons (Page 62)

Question 1.
Governments initiate schemes and programmes to alleviate the suffering of the poor and meet their basic needs. But poverty remains in the country. What could be the reasons for such a situation ?
Answer:
(i) Though the governments have initiated many schemes and programmes to alleviate the suffering of the poor and meet their basic needs, but poverty remains in the country. One of the main reasons is corruption.
(ii) Corruption is very much found at each and every level of the administrative system. It never let the money of the project/scheme to reach the place or people for which many is allocated.

(iii) Once Rajiv Gandhi said about that whatever we sent from the centre, only 15 to 20 per cent of the money reached to the largest group or place.

(iv) Other reasons are illiteracy and lack of awareness among the people regarding their rights and duties, specially the right to information.

(v) Our Constitution has given us the right to ask or enquire about any project or activities going on in the area by the fund supplied by the government.

(vi) If people take initiative and check the. accounts and quality of the work, then all the officials and contractors will be afraid of taking wrong decisions.

In-text Question (Page 63)

Question 1.
Can you identify the pressure groups functioning in the news clippings given here ? What demand are they making ?
Answer:
(i) The pressure groups given in the news clippings on textbook page 63 are — AITUC, journalists, Delhi’s traders, NGO, CII, RWAs.
(ii) The above pressure groups are making the following demands :
AITUC is making demand for Pro-American tilt in foreign policy.

Journalists – They are protesting against assault on photographer. So, they are demanding action against those who assaulted photographer.
Delhi traders – They are demanding the assurance of timely refund of VAT dues to Delhi’s traders.
NGOs – These organisations are demanding the standard drugs to be supplied to Bhopal gas victims. Because these victims are getting sub-standard drugs.
CD – It is demanding for the establishment of SEZs (Special Economic Zones) for the growth in the job sector.
RWAs – They are making demand that their side of the story should be heard too.

Let Us Read Cartoon (Page 66)

Question 1.
Do you think the cartoon exaggerates the obstructionist role of bureaucracy in the implementation of the Act ?
Answer:
In the cartoon, the head of the government, the PM is shown inaugurating the‘Right to Information’ law in the public. A person is shown trying to make this law available to the general people. But there are obstructing elements who don’t let it to reach to the people. These elements are bureaucrats i.e., government officials, in-text Question (Page 66)

Question 2.
What are the social movements listed in these news clippings ? What efforts are they making ? Which sections are they trying to mobilise ?
Answer:
(i) The social movements listed in the news clippings given on Textbook Page 66 are — social audit of government account, RTI activist’s movement for fair play in PDS, M.P. tribals seek their right on forest land, KSSP for ADB loans.

(ii) The organisations mentioned above are making the following efforts to mobilise a particular section :
Social organisations are making effort to check the account and other activities to uncover irregularities in Rajasthan. They are mobilising the general public to come out and take this responsibility. RTI activists are making efforts to raise the issue of muscle and money power in ruling the PDS. RTI activists are trying to mobilise the poor section of the society who are not getting their due from the PDS system.

M.P. tribals – They are making efforts to seek full right on forest land. They are also opposing displacement from the area. They are mobilising the tribal people to come out and take initiative for their birth right on forest land.

KSSP – It is making pressure on the bank officials to follow transparency in the distribution of ADB loans. It is mobilising the poor farmers to unite and come forward for their right to information regarding the rule and criteria based on which the ADB loans are being given.

Let Us Watch Television (Page 67)

Question 1.
Follow the news on any news channel for one week. Make a note of news related to pressure groups or movements representing the following sectors or sections: farmers, traders, labour, industry, environment and women. Which of these are mentioned most on television news ? Which sections or interest groups get mentioned the least ? You may follow a newspaper if you don’t have TV at home.
Answer:
(i) Traders, women and industry are mostly mentioned on television.
(ii) Environment, farmer and labour get mentioned the least on television.

Let Us Revise (Page 68)

Question 1.
In the above passage what relationship do you see between democracy and social movements ? How should this movement respond to the government?
Answer:
(i) Social movements are meant for making voice on behalf of the common people against the government for its wrong policies and ill-practices. In the above passage, while Mr. Mathai was encouraging farmers to plant trees on lands, the government sold the piece of land to its supporters. This is a form of corruption and non- democratic way of working on the part of government. So, these are the situations when movements arise to reinforce democratic values.

(ii) The movement should oppose the working of the government officials, stage bandh and protest the government. It should forward its demand before the government till justice is met with.

Let Us Read Cartoon (P&ge 68)

Question 1.
This cartoon is called ‘News and No News’. Who is most often visible in the media ? Whom are we most likely to hear about in newspapers ?
Answer:
(i) The following are most often visible in the media: Political leaders, ministers, businessmen, industrialists, traders, sportsmen, film actors/ actresses, etc.

(ii) In newspapers, we hear most likely about the following:
Women activists, social workers, environmentalists, etc.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In what ways do pressure groups and movements exert influence on politics ?
Answer:
(i) They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals by carrying out information campaigns, organising meetings, filing petitions, etc.

(ii) Most of these groups try to influence the media into giving more attention to these issues.

(iii) They often organise protest activities like strikes or disrupt government programmes.

Question 2.
Describe the forms of relationship between pressure groups and political parties.
Answer:
(i) There are instances when pressure groups are either formed or led by the leaders of political parties or act as extended arms of political parties.
(ii) There are instances when political parties grow out of movements. For example, formation of Asom Gana Parishad from student’s movements in Assam.
(iii) In most cases, the movement groups raise new issues that are taken up by the political parties.
(iv) Most of the new leadership of political parties comes from interest or movement groups.

Question 3.
Explain how the activities of pressure groups are useful in the functioning of a democratic government.
Answer:
(i) Government can often come under undue pressure from a small group of rich and powerful people. The pressure groups and movements perform a useful role in countering this undue influence.

(ii) They remind the government of the needs and concerns of ordinary citizens.

(iii) If one group brings pressure on government to make policies in its favour, another will bring counter pressure not to make policies in the way the first group desires. This enables the government know about what different sections of population want.

Question 4.
What is a pressure group ? Give a few examples.
Answer:
(i) Pressure groups are organisations that attempt to influence government policies. These are formed when people with common occupations, interests, aspirations or opinions come together in order to achieve a common objective.

(ii) Few examples of pressure groups are trade unions, business associations, professional bodies of doctors, teachers, lawyers, etc.

Question 5.
What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party ?
Answer:
(i) Political parties have a direct share in power, i.e., government, while pressure groups do not aim to directly share or control political power.
(ii) Political parties are formed by a few people, while pressure groups involve a whole class.
(iii) In a political party, there may be a number of leaderships, usually this does not happen in case of pressure groups.
(iv) Political party serves for its long term goal while pressure groups generally have short term goals.
(v) Political parties are well-organised, while pressure groups are loosely organised.

Question 6.
Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called …………………. groups.
Answer:
sectional interest

Question 7.
Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?
(а) Parties take political stances, while pressure groups do not bother about political issues.
(b) Pressure groups are confined to a few people, while parties involve larger number of people.
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.
(d) Pressure groups do not seek to mobilise people, while parties do.
Answer:
(c) Pressure groups do not seek to get into power, while political parties do.

Question 8.
Match List I (organisations and struggles) with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :


Answer:
(b) C, D, A, B.

Question 9.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :


Answer:
(a) D, C, A, B.

Question 10.
Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are organised expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(а) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) A and C
Answer:
(b) A and B

Question 11.
Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of districts Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal, to announce their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February 2005. The new district came into existence in July 2005.
In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government ? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one ?
Answer:
(i) This example reflects that when a movement gets its base among majority of the people, it becomes in the interest of the political parties to give their support to the movement. Also, it becomes necessary for the government to accommodate such demands, if it wishes to continue in power.

(ii) Yes, such an example is the Narmada Bachao Andolan in which even after having a popular support, the government did not concede to the demands. Also, the political parties have different views in this respect. So, this movement could not achieve the desired result.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
In which year did Nepal witness an extra-ordinary political movement?
(a) 1990
(b) 1998
(c) 2001
(d) 2006
Answer:
(d) 2006

Question 2.
What type of government was adopted in Nepal in the Year 1990?
(a) Monarchy
(b) Dictatorship
(c) Colonial
(d) Democratic
Answer:
(d) Democratic

Question 3.
Which amongst the following was an organization of Bolivia comprising of local professionals, engineers and environmentalists ?
(a) BAMCEF
(b) FEDECOR
(c) SPA
(d) NAPM
Answer:
(b) FEDECOR

Question 4.
Which one of the following promotes the interest of a particular group ?
(a) Public interest groups
(b) Political parties
(c) Sectional interest groups
(d) Government
Answer:
(c) Sectional interest groups

Fill in the blanks :

Question 5.
Bolivia is a poor country in……………..
Answer:
Latin America

Question 6.
Nepalise communist Party (Maoist) Which did not believe indemocracy.
Answer:Parliamentary

Question 7.
The Narmada Bachao Andolan was a…………….
Answer:
Single issue movement

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 8.
The SPA chose Girija Prasad Koirala as the new Prime Minister of the Interim Government.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was led by BAMCEF.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 10.
What does SPA stand for ?
Answer:
Seven Party Alliance

Question 11.
The City of Cochabamba is related to which issue ?
Answer:
Bolivia’s water war

Question 12.
What is a pressure group ?
Answer:
Pressure groups are organisations that attempt to influence government policies.

Match the following:

Question 13.
Match Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B

Column A	Column B
(a) BAMCEF	(i) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(b) Asom Gan Parishad	(ii) Pressure Group
(c) Single issue Movement	(iii) Public Interest Groups
(d) Trade Union	(iv) Political Party

Answer:
(2) (iii), (iv), (i), (it)

Correct the statements and rewrite :

Question 14.
King Gyanendra was the king of Bolivia.
Answer:
King Gyanendra was the king of Nepal.

Arrange in Order/Sequence

Question 15.
(i) The movement of April 2006 was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king.
(ii) In February 2005, the King dismissed the Prime Minister and dissolved the popularly elected parliament.
(iii) The number of protesters reached between three and five lakhs on 21 April and they served an ultimatum to the king.
(iv) All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called a four-day strike in the country’s capital.
(v) On 24 April 2006, the last day of ultimatum, the king was forced to concede all the three demands.
(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
(b) (v), (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
(c) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v)
(d) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv), (v)
Answer:
(c) (ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v)

Assertion and Reason

Question 16.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct answers :
Options :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Assertion (A) : Pressure groups do not aim to directly control or share political power.
Reason (B) : Pressure groups are organisations that attempt to influence government policies.
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.

Case/Source-Based Integrated Question

Question 17.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions :
Usually, interest groups seek to promote to interest of a particular section or group of society. Trade unions business associations and professional (lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc.) bodies are some examples of this type. They are sectional because they represent a section of society : worker, employees, business person, follower of a religion, caste, group, etc.
(1) What are sectional interest groups ?
Answer:
Sectional interest groups seek to promote the interest of a particular section or group of society.

(ii) Trade unions, business association and professional are the example of.
Answer:
Sectional interest groups

(iii) Sectional interest group represent a section of society.(True/False)
Answer:
True

Subjective Type Questions

Question 18.
Describe the Bolivia’s water-war and its consequences.
Answer:
(1) The World Bank pressurized the government to give up its control of municipal water supply. The government sold these rights for the city of Cochabamba to a Multi-National Company (MNC). This led to a spontaneous popular protest.
(2) An alliance of labour organisation, Human Rights and community leaders organised a successful four-day general strike in the city.
(3) The protest against water privatisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by an organisation called FEDECOR comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists. They were supported by a federation of farmers, the confederation of factory workers’ unions, middle class students from the University of Cochabamba and the city’s growing population of homeless street children.
(4) The power of the people forced the officials of the MNC to flee the city and made the government concede to all the demands of the protesters. The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the municipality at old rates.
(5) The movement was supported by the Socialist Party. In 2006, this party came to power in Bolivia. The struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected, democratic government and showed that Democracy evolves through popular struggles.

Question 19.
Explain the influence of mobilisation and organisation.
Answer:
(1) Any democratic conflict can be resolved through the means of mobilisation and organisation. These work together to win struggles.
(2) Mass mobilisation takes place on the issues which appeal to a huge number of people from different walks of life having a common interest. It supplies necessary force to the organisation and the movement.
(3) It becomes difficult for the government to control these people and defy their demands.
(4) Such popular struggles backed by mass mobilisation involve many organisations other than political parties.
(5) Organisations from various walks of life – indigenous people, teachers, labourers, professionals, engineers, lawyers, human rights activists and many others come ahead to support the struggle. They either force the government to change its decision or change the government itself through direct participation in competitive politics through their organisations.

Question 20.
How do Sectional Interest Groups watch their interests ?
Answer:
(1) Usually, interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular section or group of society. Trade unions, business associations and professional bodies are some examples of this type. ‘
(2) They are sectional because they represent a section of society : workers, employees, business persons, industrialists, followers of a religion, caste group, etc.
(3) Their principal concern is the betterment and well-being of their members, not the society in general.