UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science  Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste InText Questions and Answers

Let Us Read the Image (Page 41)

Question 1.
Discuss all these perceptions of an ideal woman that prevail in our society. Do you agree with any of these ? If not what is your image of an ideal woman ?
Answer:
It is good to see that women are showing her talent in every walk of life. It is not right to be agree with any one perception of women, shown through the figures, alone. In my view, an ideal women is that who has the quality of managing both housework and work outside the house. Of course, this needs an equal cooperation of man.

Let Us Do It (Page 42)

Question 1.
A ‘time use survey’ was conducted in six states of our country. It shows that an average woman works every day for a little over seven and half hours while an average man works for six and a half hour. Yet the work done by men is more visible because most of their work leads to generation of income. Women also do a lot of direct income generating work, but the bulk of their work is household related. This work remains unpaid and invisible.
Daily time use (hours : minutes)

Source : Government of India, Time Use Survey, 1998-99.

You can conduct a similar time use survey in your own household. Observe all the adult male and female members of your family for one week. Every day note down the number of hours each of them spends on the following activities: income generating activity (working at the office or shop or factory or field etc.), household related activity (cooking, cleaning, washing, fetching water, looking after children or elders etc.), reading and recreation, talking/gossiping, self-care, taking rest or sleeping. If necessary make new categories! Add up the time taken on each activity for a week and calculate daily average for each activity for each member. Do women work more in your family as well ?
Answer:
Students do it yourselves.

In-Text Questions (Page 43)

Question 1.
Can you identify your state on this map ? What is the child sex ratio in it ? How is it different from others with a different colour ?
Answer:
Students, do themselves.
[Hint: First, locate your state and then identify your district. For finding child sex ratio, take the help of legends shown on the map.]

Question 2.
Identify the states which have child selx ratio below 900.
Answer:
Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand and UT JK Laddakh are the states where most districts have child sex ratio below 900.

Question 3.
Compare this map with the poster on the next page. How do the two of them tell us about the same issue ?
Answer:
Both the map and poster are concerned about the decreasing trend of child sex ratio. –

In-Text Questions (Page 44)

Question 1.
Could you think of some reasons why women’s representation is so low in India ? Do you think Americas and Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s representation ?
Answer:
(1) The women’s literacy rate is very low and if some are educated, they are not politically motivated. They and their male family members think, politics is not the profession of women. Political parties are also not giving tickets to women candidates to fight election in proportion to their population.

(2) No, neither Americas nor Europe have achieved a satisfactory level of women’s representation. Because in Americas there are only 20.2 per cent and in Europe only 19.6 per cent women in the National Parliament. These percentages are not proportional to their population in the respective countries.

In-Text Question (Page 45)

Question 1.
If casteism and communalism are bad, what makes feminism a good thing ? Why don’t we oppose all those who divide the society on any lines – caste, religion or gender ?
Answer:
Feminism is not a bad thing. It believes in equal rights and opportunities for men and women. Social divisions like communalism and casteism usually divide the society and enhance inequality while feminism talks about equality. Enhancing women power will make our society more strong. Let’s Read the Cartoon (Page 45)

Question 2.
This cartoon offers an understanding of why the Women’s Reservation Bill has not been passed in the Parliament. Do you agree with this reading.
Answer:
Yes, the cartoon reflects that our legislature is man- dominated. Every gate to the Parliament is well guarded by men who do not wish women to enter the house. But, they pretend to show that very soon they are going to pass a bill regarding women’s reservation in the house.

In-Text Question (Page 46) 

Question 1.
I am not religious. Why should I bother about communalism and secularism ?
Answer:
If you are not religious it means you don’t believe in God. Communalism is a social phenomenon based on the barbaric attitude of some religious communities. These attitudes and activities harm the social system and the relations among the different religious communities. So you should also bother about communalism to make peace in the society.

Secularism means there is no state religion instead the state respects all religions equally. So, whether you are religious or not, you should also bother about the secularism so that there will not be any favour or discrimination against any religion. It will maintain a healthy atmosphere in the country.

In-Text Question (Page 47)

Question 1.
I often crack jokes about people from one religion. Does that make me communal ?
Answer:
Religion is a faith of a person or a group of people in a particular way of prayer to a specific supernatural power. This faith is very much based on personal and community grounds. So, you should not make jokes about the people of any religion. It may result in communal tension in the society and you will be responsible for the same.

In-Text Questions (Page 51)

Question 1.
I don’t care what my caste is. Why are we discussing all this in the textbook ? Are we not promoting casteism by talking about caste ?
Answer:
India is a multilingual, multireligious and caste based country. It is known fact that there are people of different castes living together in Indian society. So reality cannot be hidden. This is the reason why there is a discussion on caste in this textbook. We cannot promote casteism only by talking about caste.

Question 2.
Now you don’t like it ! Didn’t you tell me that wherever there is domination, we should discuss it in political science ? Will caste disappear if we keep mum about it ? ‘
Answer:
(1) Caste has become a very strong phenomenon in Indian politics. That is why whenever and wherever there is the domination of one caste over others, we discuss it in political science.

(2) Caste will not disappear from the Indian politics even
when the society keeps mum about it. Because it has become a part and parcel of political and social systems.

In-Text Question (Page 53)

Question 1.
Do you think that political leaders are right to treat people belonging to a caste as ‘vote banks’ ?
Answer:
I think that political leaders are not right in treating people belonging to a caste as vote banks. The reason is that making a vote bank based on caste will divide the society into different groups by dirty game of politicians and political parties during elections
to win the election. It can create tension among different castes as a result there may be blood sheds on the occasion of polling.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Answer:
(1) In the field of education where women still has a literacy rate of only 54 percent.
(2) Women’s proportion among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very low. So, women are also discriminated in the field of employment.
(3) Women as a gender itself are highly discriminated which is evident from their sex-ratio which has fallen to 850 to 800 in some parts of India.
(4) In the political life, women’s representation is very low in proportion to their population.

Question 2.
State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer:
(1) The most common expression of communal politics is in everyday beliefs which involve religious prejudices, ste-reotype of religious communities, etc. ,

(2) Another form of communal politics is the quest for political dominance of one’s own religious community.
(3) Political mobilisation on communal lines is another frequent form of communal politics.
(4) Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre.

Question 3.
State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer:
(1) Still the people use to establish marriage relationship in their own caste or community.
(2) People tend to caste vote in favour of candidate belonging to their community.
(3) Despite constitutional provisions, untouchability has not ended completely.
(4) Some of the older aspects of caste have persisted even today. Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt.
(5) Caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
(6) It has been politicised now. So, it can be said that caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Question 4.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer:
(1) Voters from some of the constituencies may have more than one candidates from their community or caste.
(2) No. Parliamentary constituency in our country has a clear majority of one single caste.

Question 5.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer:
(1) The percentage of elected women members in the Lok Sabha has never reached even 14.36 per cent of its total strength.
(2) The share of women in the state assemblies is less than 5 per cent.

Question 6.
Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state. _
Answer:
(1) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.

(2) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.

Question 7.
When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to :
(а) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Answer:
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women.

Question 8.
In India seats are reserved for women in ………………
(а) Lok Sabha
(b) State legislative assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Answer:
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

Question 9.
Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that :
(A) One religion is superior to that of others
(B) People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
(C) Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
(D) State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct ?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B, and D
(c) A and C
(d) B and D
Answer:
(c) A and C

Question 10.
Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong ?
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion
(b) gives official status to one religion
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.
Answer:
(b) gives official status to one religion.

Question 11.
Social divisions based on are peculiar to India.
Answer:
Gender, religion and caste.

Question 12.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists :


Answer:
(b) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
What is the percentage of seats reserved for womeh in the Lok Sabha ?
(a) 15%
(b) 12%
(c) 10%
(d) 33%
Answer:
(b) 12%

Question 2.
Name the system where father is the head of the family ?
(a) Matriarchy
(b) Patriarchy
(c) Hierarchy
(d) Monarchy
Answer:
(b) Patriarchy

Question 3.
A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs is called ?
(a) Communalist
(b) Secular
(c) Casteist
(d) Feminist
Answer:
(b) Secular

Question 4.
A ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest caste is known as :
(a) Caste formation
(b) Caste hierarchy
(c) Caste discrimination
(d) Pyramid
Answer:
(b) Caste hierarchy

Fill in the blanks :

Question 5.
A person who believes in equal right and opportunities for women and men is.
Answer:
Feminist

Question 6.
The Constitution of India provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice arid propagate any religion because.
Answer:
India is declared a secular state by the Constitution.

Question 7.
Shift of population from rural areas to urban area is.
Answer:
urbanisation

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 8.
In India the percentage of women in Lok Sabha is more than 35%.
Answer:
False

Question 9.
The constitution of India prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
Answer:
True

Question 10.
As per the census of 2011, the scheduled caste were 16.6 per cent of the country’s population.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 11.
Name the Act which provides for equal wages to men and women for equal work.
Answer:
The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976.

Question 12.
Name two countries where participation of women in public life is very high.
Answer:
Norway, Sweden

Question 13.
What is meant by communalism ?
Answer:
Communalism is a situation in the society in which the different religious groups try to establish its superiority over the others.

Question 14.
What are family laws ?
Answer:
Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption inheritance, etc. are known as family laws.

Question 15.
What is casteism ?
Answer:
Casteism or caste hierarchy refers to a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the ‘highest’ to the
‘lowest’ caste.

Question 16.
What did political leaders and reformers like Joliba Phule, Gandhiji, B.R. Ambedkar and Periyar Ramaswami oppose ?
Answer:
Caste system based on exclusion and discrimination against the ‘outcaste’ groups.

Match the following:

Question 17.
Match List I and List II and select the correct answer.

(1) (a) – (i), (b) – (ii), (c) – (Hi), (d) – (iv)
(2) (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (iii)
(3) (a) – (i), (b) – (Hi), (c) – (iv), (d) – (ii)
(4) (a) – (iv), (b) – (ii), (c) – (Hi), (d) – (i)
Answer:
(2) (a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (iii)

Correct the statements and rewrite :

Question 18.
In our country, men still lag much behind women despite some improvement since independence.
Answer:
In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since independence.

Question 19.
In Scandinavian countries, the participation of women in public life is very low.
Answer:
In Scandinavian countries, the participation of women in public life is very high.

Assertion and Reason 

Question 20.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason <R). Read the statement and choose the correct answer.
Options :
(a) Both A and R. are true and R is the correct explanation 1 of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Assertion (A): In our country, women still lag behind men.
Reason (R) : Indian society is still a male dominated patriarchal society.
Ans. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Case!Source-Based Integrated Question

Question 21.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions :
In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since independence. Ours is still a male- dominated, ‘Patriarchal’ society. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways. The literacy rate among women is only 64.6 per cent (as per 2011 census) compared with 80.9 per cent among men. Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies.
(i) Which of the following is correct for patriarchal society ?
(а) Women dominated society
(b) Male dominated society
(c) Educated society
(d) Cultured society
Answer:
(b) Male dominated society

(ii) The literacy rate among Indian women is approximately.
Answer:
64.6 %

(iii) In our country, why are women still lag much behind men ? .
Answer:
In our country, women are still lag much behind man because ours is still a male-dominated patriarchal society.

(iv) The literacy rate of male in India according to census 2011 is 90%.
Answer:
False

Subjective Type Questions

Question 22.
Who is a feminist ? Explain reasons for the rise of feminist movement in India.
Answer:
(1) Feminist refers to a woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men.
(2) The following are the reasons for the rise of Feminist Movement in India :
(i) Ours is a male-dominated, patriarchal society where the main responsibility of women is considered to be housework and bringing up children.
(ii) Although, women constitute half of the humanity, their role in public life, especially politics, is minimal in most societies.
(iii) Earlier, only men were allowed to participate in public affairs, vote and contest for public offices. So, the gender issue was raised in politics.
(iv) Feminist Movement aims at equality in personal and family life as well.

Question 23.
What do you mean by sexual division of labour ?
Answer:
(1) Sexual division of labour refers to the division of work between the men and the women. Some works especially the household works such as cooking, tailoring, washing, cleaning, etc. are exclusively meant for the women while the men have some other defined areas of work.

(2) The sexual division of lqbour does not mean that men can’t do household works. They simply think that it is for women to attend the household works. When these jobs are paid, men are ready to take up those jobs, for example, most tailors and cooks in the hotel are men.

(3) The sexual division of labour also does not mean that women do not work outside their home. In villages women fetch water, collect fuels and work in the fields. In urban areas, the poor women work as domestic help while the middle class women work in office.

Question 24.
“The Government of India gives holidays for the festivals of most of the religions.” Why is it so ? Give your viewpoint.
Answer:
The government of India gives holidays for festivals of most of the religions keeping in the mind the following aspects :
(1) Secularism constitutes one of the foundations of our country.
(2) The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
(3) The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
(4) At the same time the Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities.

Question 25.
Do you agree that caste system should be discarded ? Support your answer with arguments.
Answer:
Caste system should be discarded because of the following reasons:
(1) Based on discrimination and exclusion: Caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the ‘outcaste’ groups. People were subjected to the inhuman practice of untouchability and hereditary occupational division.

(2) Influence on the electoral process : When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in miiid the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections. Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support. The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about caste and nothing else.

(3) Undermining the national issues: Exclusive attention to caste can produce negative results as well. As in the case of religion, politics based on caste identity alone is not very healthy in a democracy. It can divert attention from other pressing issues like poverty, development and corruption.

(4) Leads to violence and disintegration of country : Caste division leads to tensions, conflict and even violence.