UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Federalism

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Federalism

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science  Civics Chapter 2 Federalism Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Federalism InText Questions and Answers

In-Text Question (Page 14)

Question 1.
I am confused. What do we call the India government ? Is it Union, Federal or Central ?
Answer:
Since, India is made up of states by ‘holding together’, so, without any confusion we should call it a federal state and the government at the centre is called the central government.

In-Text Question ( Page 14)

Question 1.
Though only 25 of the world’s 193 countries have federal political system, their citizens make up 40 per cent of the world’s population. Most of the large countries of the world are federations. Can you notice an exception to this rule in this map ?
Answer:
Yes. China, which is the most populous country of the world, does not practise the federal system of sharing of power. Instead, it enjoys unitary political system.

Intext Question (Page 15)

Question 1.
If federalism works only in big countries, why did Belgium adopt it ?
Answer:
Because even though it is a small country, it has diverse population made up of multilingual groups. These lin¬guistic groups have their own interests, which might lead to social conflict. So, to avoid if not property addressed, any possible social conflict and political instability, Belgium adopted federal system of power sharing.

Let Us Revise (Page 16)

Question 1.
Some Nepalese citizens were discussing the proposals on the adoption of federalism in their new constitution. This is what some of them said : Khag Raj : I don’t like federalism. It would lead to reservation of seats for different caste groups as in India.
Sarita : Ours is not a very big country. We don’t need federalism.
Babu Lai : I am hopeful that the Terai areas will get more autonomy if they get their own state government.
Ram Ganesh : I like federalism because it will mean that powers that were earlier enjoyed by the king will now be exercised by our elected representatives.
If you were participating in this conversation what would be your response to each of these ? Which of these reflect a wrong understanding of what federalism is ?
What makes India a federal country ?
Answer:
(1) My response to them will be as follows :
(i) Khag Raj : No, you are not true. What different caste groups are being given are their rights, which they have been kept deprived of for years. Federalism truly serves the purpose when it believes in mutual trust. This is the spirit of democracy.

(ii) Sarita : No Sarita, Nepal is also a diverse country consisting of groups of people having different interests. Take the example of Belgium. Though it was a small country, there spread social conflict. This could only be resolved by making a federation. So, we also need a federal system that takes care of its people equally.

(iii) Babu Lai : Yes, I agree but do not think only about the Terai area. There are other areas as well which need more autonomy. So, the only way is to form a federal system so that each region gets its own share and can live together with mutual trust and contribute to the development of the nation equally.

(iv) Ram Ganesh : Yes, I agree. When power is concentrated in one hand, it harms the will of the common people. In a democracy, people rule themselves through institutions of self-governance. The decentralisation of power will ensure due respect to diverse groups and views that exist in the society, and everyone will have a voice in the shaping of public policy.

2. Of these, Khag Raj and Sarita have a wrong understanding of what federalism is.
3. In India there are three levels of government – the central, state, and local governments. These have their own jurisdictions-. There is a Constitution which declares their powers and duties. There is an apex court under an independent judiciary, which can resolve disputes among them. All the state governments have their own sources of income. Income is also shared with the central government. All these features make India a federal country.

In-Text Question (Page 16)

Question 1.
Isn’t that strange ? Did our Constitution makers not know about federalism ? Or did they wish to avoid talking about it ?
Answer:
It is not strange. Our Constitution makers were aware of the concept of federalism. But, intentionally, they did not talk about it. This was because our democracy was passing through a nascent stage where they had to take steps to consolidate different free princely states. If they were given more autonomy, we might have faced many divisions of our country. They supposed that with maturity of democracy, proper changes will be brought in the Constitution to make the nation more federal. So, they left this issue to the people and future leaders to decide about.

Intext Question (Page 17)

Question 1.
If agriculture and commerce are state subjects, why do we have ministers of agriculture and commerce in the Union cabinet ?
Answer:
This is because the states have to deal with each other in commercial and agricultural commodities. There comes chances when a state will act arbitrarily. In that condition, problems will arise regarding price control, tax, etc. Also, the country has to deal with other nations in these subjects. So, a separate ministry for agriculture and commerce is necessary in the Union cabinet. Let Us

Listen to Radio (Page 17)

Question 1.
Listen to one national and one regional news bulletin broadcast by All India Radio daily for one week. Make a list of news items related to government policies or decisions by classifying these into the following categories :

• News items that relate only to the Central Government,
• News items that relate only to your or any other State Government,
• News items about the relationship between the Central and State Governments.

Answer:
Students, do yourselves.
[Hints : While answering these questions, they should,keep in mind the subjects contained in the three lists — the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List, and also the residuary subjects.]

Let Us Revise (Page 18)

Question 1.
Pokharan, the place where India conducted its nuclear tests, lies in Rajasthan. Suppose the Government of Rajasthan was opposed to the Central Government’s nuclear policy, could it prevent the Government of India from conducting the nuclear tests ?
Answer:
No, the Government of Rajasthan could not prevent the Government of India from conducting the nuclear tests.

Question 2.
Suppose the Government of Sikkim plans to introduce new textbooks in its schools. But the Union Government does not like the style and content of the new textbooks. In that case, does the state government need to take permission from the Union Government before these textbooks can be launched ?
Answer:
Yes, in this case the Government of Sikkim will have to take permission from the Union Government, because education is a subject of Concurrent list on which both the State and Union governments can make laws. And, in case of any conflict of law, only the Union law prevails.

Question 3.
Suppose the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa have different policies on how their state police should respond to the naxalites. Can the Prime Minister of India intervene and pass an order that all the Chief Ministers will have to obey ?
Answer:
No, police is a state subject on which only the states can make laws.

Let Us Read the Map (Page 19)

[Note : See Map in your textbook.]

Question 1.
Has your village or town remained under the same state since independence ? If not, what was the name of the earlier state ?
Answer:
No, it was earlier Uttar Pradesh and now it is in Uttaranchal.

Question 2.
Can you identify names of three state in 1947 that have changed later ?
Answer:
(1) Madhya Pradesh was called Central Province.
(2) Punjab was a part of North-West Province.
(3) Rajasthan was a part of Rajputana.

Question 3.
Identify any three states which have been carved out of a bigger state.
Answer:
(1) Jharkhand from Bihar.
(2) Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh.
(3) Uttaranchal from Uttar Pradesh.

In-Text Question (Page 20)

Question 1.
Why Hindi ? Why not Bangla or Telugu ?
Answer:
The Government of India, in its Constitution, declares Hindi and English as official languages. But, being a federal government, it cannot impose its will on the people who speak a language other than Hindi. The Union Government continues to promote Hindi as the official language because 40% of its population speaks Hindi. This is the flexibility shown by the Union that states have their own official languages. We respect the language and culture of each other. So, people are free to speak the languages of their choices. Each state has its official language.

Let Us Read the Cartoon ( Page 21)

Question 1.
Here are two cartoons showing the relationship between Centre and State. Should the State go to the Centre with a begging bowl ? How can the leader of a coalition keep the partners of government satisfied ?
Answer:
(1) No, state should not go to the Centre with a begging bowl ?
(2) The leader of a coalition can keep the partners of the government satisfied by sharing the power with them and working on a “common minimum programmes” prepared with the consent of all coalition partners.

In-Text Question (Page 21)

Question 1.
Are you suggesting that regionalism is good for our democracy ? Are you serious ?
Answer:
In no way regionalism can be good for our democracy. In a country like ours, we have multicoloured cultures, languages and traditions. The colour of India is made of all this. India’s glory lies in its diversity but it does not mean that one region or state is supported and other is kept deprived. We grow and develop when each region grows and develops. We should develop with the spirit of mutual trust and togetherness. Hence, I am serious while saying that there is no place for regionalism in our democracy.

In-Text Questions (Page 22)

Scheduled languages of India

Question 1.
Make a bar or pie chart on the basis of this information.
Answer:

Question 2.
Prepare a map of linguistic diversity of India by shading the region where each of these languages is spoken on the map of India.
Answer:
See on next page.

Question 3.
Find out about any three languages that are spoken in India but are not included in this table.
Answer:
Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Bundel-khandi, Chhattisgarhi, Rajasthani, Bhili. (Write any three)

In-Text Questions (Page 23)

Question 1.
Take the example of your own state or any other state that was affected by linguistic reorganisation. Write a short note for or against the argument given by the author here on the basis of that example.
Answer:
As we have seen in Sri Lanka, alienation of the people on the basis of language has led to a social conflict

which ruined the country and created a situation of civil war. But, in India, even with about 121 major languages, we live
in peace and prosperity with the spirit of togetherness. As we have seen in Tamil Nadu, stopping the use of English has caused a militant movement, so linguistic tolerance is a must for our country. In fact, formation of states on the basis of language has made the country more united and stronger. It has also made administration easier.

In-Text Questions (Page 25)

Question 1.
Prime Minister runs the country. Chief Minster runs the state. Logically, then the Chairperson of Zilla Parishad should run the district. Why does the D.M. or Collector administer the district ?
Answer:
The president of Zilla Parishad is the political head. All the decisions are made under his leadership. In fact, the DM is the administrative head, who executes the decisions of the Parishad. This is, in fact, an example of sharing of power. We can compare it with sharing of power between the legislative and executive. So, it is right that the DM administers the district.

Intext Questions (Page 25)

Question 1.
What do these newspaper clippings have to say about efforts of decentralisation in India ?
Answer:
In these newspaper clippings, the news are related to Panchayats. Panchayats in India are meant for the decentralisation of power. These are meant for the self¬governance at the grassroot level.
(1) The clippings show a huge number of women elected to Panchayats i.e. increased participation of women in politics.
(2) Secondly, justice has been made easily accessible and cheap.
(3) These also reflect that Panchayats get direct funding from the central government.

Let Us Find Out (Page 26)

Question 1.
Find out about the local government in the village or town you live in. If you live in a village find out the names of the following :your Panch or ward member, your Sarpanch, your Panchayat Samiti, the Chairperson of your Zilla Parishad. Also find out when did the last meeting of the Gram Sabha take place and how many people took part in that.
If you live in urban areas, find out the name of your municipal councillor, and the municipal chairperson or mayor. Also find out about the budget of your municipal corporation, municipality and the major items on which money was spent.
Answer:
Students, do yourselves.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Federalism Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Locate the following states on a blank outline political map of India: Manipur, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh and Goa.
Answer:

Question 2.
Identify and shade three federal countries (other than india) on a blank outline political map of the world.
Answer:
See on next page.

Question 3.
Point out one feature in the practice of federalism in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium.
Answer:

(1) Similar feature : Both Belgium and India have a three-tier government.
Federal Countries other than India
img

(2) Different feature : In Belgium there is a community government (based on community) as the third tier, while we have a local self-government (not based on races/castes) in India as- the third tier of the government.

Question 4.
What is the main difference between a federal form of government and a unitary one ? Explain with an example.
Answer:
(1) In federal form of government, power is shared at different levels, for example, at the organ level, such as among executive, legislative and judiciary; at the government level such as state government, central government, local government, etc. The examples of federal form of government are India, Belgium, USA, Australia, etc.

(2) On the other hand, in unitary form of government, the national government has all the powers. If there are other levels of the government, they are either sub-units or subordinate to the national government. The states or provinces have to follow the orders of the national government. The examples of unitary form of government are Sri Lanka, China, etc.

Question 5.
State any two differences between the local government before and after the Constitutional amendment in 1992.
Answer:
Local government (.Before 1992) :
1. Elections to the local governments were not held regularly.
2. Local governments did not have any powers or resources of their own.

Local government (After 1992) :
1. It has been made constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to the local government bodies.
2. The state governments are
required to share some powers and revenue with’ local government bodies.

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks :
Since, the United States is a …………. type of federation, all the constituent States have equal powers and States are ………….. vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a ……………. type of federation and some States have more power than others. In India the …………. government has more powers.
Answer:
coming together, strong, holding together, central.

Question 7.
Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions.
Sangeeta : The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity.
Arman : Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their language.
Harish : This policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages.
Answer:
I agree with the reaction of Sangeeta that the policy of accommodation has strengthened national”unity. Initially, Hindi was made official language of the country and later English was stopped from being used as an’official language. This hurt the feelings of many in the southern states of our country. The example was Tamil Nadu, where the resistance took the form of militant movement. We are, in fact, a diverse country where more than 114 major languages are spoken. We should have respect for each of these languages. These all make our linguistic heritage rich and we should let them flourish together.

In contrast, we have example of Sri Lanka, where linguistic differences have led the country to a state of civil war. So, it is right to say that being flexible and adopting the policy of accommodation has strengthened our national unity.

Question 8.
The distinguishing feature of federal government is:
(а) National government gives some powers to the provincial government.
(b) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
(c) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
Answer:
(d) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.

Question 9.
A few subjects in various Lists of the Indian Constitution are given here. Group them under the Union, State and Concurrent Lists as provided in the table below.
A. Defence; B. Police; C. Agriculture; D. Education; E. Banking; F. Forests; G. Communication; H. Trade; L Marriages
Answer:
Union List – A. Defence; E. Banking; G. Communication
State List – B. Police; C. Agriculture; H. Trade
Concurrent List – D. Education; F. Forests; I. Marriages

Question 10.
Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched ?
(a) State government – State List
(6) Central government – Union List
(c) Central and State governments – Concurrent List
(d) Local governments – Residuary powers
Answer:
(d) Local governments – Residuary powers.

Question 11.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :


Answer:
(c) A, C, D, B. ,

Question 12.
Consider the following statements :
A. In a federation the powers of the federal and provincial governments are clearly demarcated.
B. India is a federation because the powers of the Union and State Governments are specified in the Constitution and they have exclusive jurisdiction on their respective subjects.
C. Sri Lanka is a federation because the country is divided into provinces.
D. India is no longer a federation because some powers of the States have been devolved to the local govern¬ment bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A, C and D
(c) A and B only
(d) B and C only
Answer:
(c) A and B only.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 2 Federalism Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Which one of the following countries does not have a federal form of government ?
(a) Australia
(b) Germany
(c) Spain
(d) Nepal
Answer:
(d) Nepal

Question 2.
Identify the subject from the following on which the state alone can make laws.
(a) Banking
(b) Agriculture
(c) Defence
(d) Foreign affairs
Answer:
(b) Agriculture

Question 3.
Which one of the following states was created to recognize diversity of culture, ethnicity and geography ?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) Maharashtra
Answer:
(c) Uttarakhand

Question 4.
What is the government at black level called ?
(a) Gram Sabha
(b) Gram panchayat
(c) Panchayat Samiti
(d) Nyay Panchayat
Answer:
(c) Panchayat Samiti

Question 5.
Which local government works at district level ?
(a) Panchayat Samiti
(b) Zila Parishad
(c) Gram Panchayat
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Zila Parishad

Fill in the blanks :

Question 6.
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between ………… of government.
Answer:
Two or more levels

Question 7.
In India’s federal system, the state governments have the power to legislate on all those subjects which are included in the…………..
Answer:
State List

Question 8.
………….. is the guardian of constitution of India.
Answer:
Supreme Court

Question 9.
In India, seats are reserved for women in the.
Answer:
Panchayati Raj Bodies

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 10.
Switzerland is the example of coming together style of federation.
Answer:
True

Question 11.
Union Government has the power to legislate on residuary subjects.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
Hindi was identified as National language of India.
Answer:
False

Question 13.
When power is taken away from central and State governments and given to local government, it is called decentralisation.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 14.
What is federalism ?
Answer:
Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and various constitutions units of the country.

Question 15.
What is holding together federation ?
Answer:
Holding together federation is formed by a large country that decides to divide its power between the constitution states and the national government.

Question 16.
Which government has the power to legislate on ‘Residuary subjects’ in India ?
Answer:
Central Government has the power to legislate on ‘Residuary’ subjects in India.

Question 17.
What do you mean by Coalition government?
Answer:
Coalition government refers to a government formed by the coming together of at least two political parties. Usually partners in a coalition form a political alliance and adopt a common programme.

Question 18.
Name two states which were created to recognize differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography.
Answer:
Nagaland, Uttarakhand

Question 19.
Which local body has a ‘Mayor’ as its head ?
Answer:
Municipal corporation

Match the following:

Question 20.
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :

(a) 1 – D, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – C
(b) 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – D, 4 – A
(c) 1 – B, 2 – D, 3 – C, 4 – A
(d) 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – B
Answer:
(b) 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – D, 4 – A

Picture Based Question:

Question 21.
Which one the following option best signifies this cartoons ?

(a) Centre and state enjoy equal powers.
(b) States demanding their powers.
(c) Cartoons describe more democratic process.
(d) Centre Government is less powerful.
Answer:
(b) States demanding their powers.

Assertion and Reason

Question 22.
In the question given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option :
Options :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong ,
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Assertion (A) : Banking and defence are the subject of Union List.
Reason (R) : The Union Government has a right to make laws relating to subjects mentioned in the Union List.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Case/Sourr-Based Integrated Questions

Question 23.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions :
Rural Local government is popularly known by the name panchayati raj. Each village, or a group of villages in some states, has a gram panchayat. This is a council consisting of several ward members often called panch, and a president or sarpanch. They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village.

(i) Rural local government is popularly known as.
Answer:
Panchayati Raj

(ii) What is a gram panchayat ?
Answer:
Gram panchayat is a council consisting of several ward members and a president or sarpanch.

(iii) How are the panch, President or Sarpanch elected ?
Answer:
They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village.

Question 24.
Source A : Union List
Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communications and currency. They are included in this list because we need a uniform policy OIL these matters throughout the country. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.

Source B : State List
State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List.

Source C : Concurrent List
Concurrent List includes subjects of common interest tb both the Union Government as well as the State Governments, such as education, forest, trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in this list. If their laws conflict with each other, the law made by the Union Government will prevail.

Questions :
Source A : Union List
(1) Who can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List ?
Answer:
The Union Government can alone make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.

Source B : State List
(ii) Which kind of subjects are included in the State List?
Answer:
Subject like police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation are included in State List.

Source C : Concurrent List
(iii) Who makes laws in the concurrent list?
Answer:
Both the Union as well as the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List.

(iv) In which list of the Indian Constitution does education come ? Why ?
Answer:
Concurrent List. Both the Union as well as the State Government can make law on the subject.
(v) Both the Union and the State Governments can make laws on the subjects mentioned in the.
Answer:
Concurrent List

Subjective Type Questions

Question 25.
States in India often ask for more autonomy or more power. Should they be given more power or not ? Support your answer with two arguments.
Answer:
(1) Indian Constitution divides the power of governance between Union and State which is more or less based on federal structure of the government. This division of power is more inclined towards union government seeing the tradition of the Indian political history.
(2) The demand for more autonomy is one of the most controversial issues of the Indian federalism, although federalism is an important feature of the constitutional structure of the Indian democracy.
(3) States should be given more power or more autonomy for the following reasons :

(i) The Centre is strong in Indian political system. The Centre has been given monopoly on almost all the subjects except for few, on which states have reserved say due to some local importance.
(ii) The Centre has, yet, power to give directions to the States in certain matters. The States have to depend upon the Centre for financial assistance.
(iii) Misuse of Central Government’s control over State and misuse and ineffectiveness of the office of Governor.
(iv) Unbalanced growth of different states is due to some policy defects. Provisions can be introduced to effective planning of States and Centre through a non-political, independent body.

Question 26.
Why has federalism succeeded in India ? Which three policies adopted by India have ensured this success ?
Answer:
(1) Federalism has succeeded in India because of the nature of the democratic politics of the country. This ensures that the spirit of federalism, respect for diversity and desire for living together have become a shared ideal in our country.
(2) (i) There is a clear demarcation of power and revenues between the different levels of government.
(ii) The Indian Constitution clearly allocates power to different levels of government – the three lists of power.
(iii) The Supreme Court has been given the power to solve federal disputes. Sources of revenue are clearly demarcated.
(iv) There is a mutual trust and agreement between the government at different levels.

Question 27.
Why has the government of India not imposed any particular language as an official language for the whole nation? Explain.
Answer:
(1) Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language.
(2) Hindi was identified as the official language as Hindi is the mother tongue of about 40 per cent of Indians.
(3) Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution.
(4) A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages.
(5) States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State.
(6) The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.

Question 28.
Do you consider decentralisation as a means of minimising conflicts ? Give your view point.
Answer:
(1) Yes, the decentralisation can be taken as means to minimise the conflicts.
(2) This has the following reasons :
(i) (a) The rationale behind decentralisation is to ensure community participation for proper growth and development of the community itself. It is aimed to ensure social, economic and political development of the community.
(b) It is also oriented to ensure no or less interferences in the local affairs by the Union and State executive bodies. It has been executed to make village, ‘Little Republic’.
(ii) Following are the functions of the rural local- government :
(a) Supply of water for domestic use.
(b) Maintaining public health and sanitation.
(c) Construction and repairing of public roads.
(d) Lighting on roads and public places.
(e) Construction, repairing and maintaining public buildings, grazing lands, forest, public wells and tanks in good conditions.

Question 29.
Which features of Panchayati Raj do you like the most and why ? Explain.
Answer:
In Panchayati Raj System, I like the most Gram Panchayat because :
(1) Gram Panchayat is a council consisting of several ward members often called Panch and a President or Sarpanch.
(2) They are directly elected by all the adult population living in that ward or village.
(3) It is a decision-making body for the entire village.
(4) The panchayat works under the over all supervision of the Gram Sabha. It has to meet at least twice or three times in a year to approve the annual budget of the Gram Panchayat and to review of it.