UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science  Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Textbook Questions and Answers, Additional Important Questions

UP Board Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing InText Questions and Answers

In-Text Question (Page 2)

Question 1.
Look at the maps of Belgium and Sri Lanka. In which region do you find concentration of different communities ?
Answer:
(1) In Belgium, most of the French speaking people live in the Wallonia (northern) region, while Dutch speaking people live in the Flemish (southern) region. The German speaking people live in the eastern Belgium.

(2) In Sri Lanka, Sinhalese live throughout the country. Sri Lankan Tamils are concentrated in the northern and eastern coastal regions. Indian Tamils are concentrated in the northern, central and southern regions. Muslims have sporadic distribution throughout the country.

In-Text Question (Page 4)

Question 1.
What’s wrong if the majority community rules ? If Sinhalas don’t rule in Sri Lanka, where else will they rule ?
Answer:
(1) In democracy, it is the established principle that the government is run by the majority. But, majority does not mean only the majority in numbers based on religion or community. In its true sense, majority means majority of opinion. Sometimes, majority community may also have part in majority opinion. So, rule by majority community is not a taboo in democracy, if it is based on opinion.

(2) Of course, Sinhalas form the majority community of Sri Lanka and it should have bigger share in the govemnment. But, it does not mean that other’s do not get proper representation. If it is so, it will not be a true democracy.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Let Us Read Newspaper (Page 5)

Question 1.
Read any newspaper for one week and make clippings of news related to ongoing conflicts or wars. A
group of five students could pool their clippings together and do the following :
Classify these conflicts by their location (your state, India, outside India).
Answer:
Students, do yourselves.
[Hints : Students, you can observe such events in the newspapers. For example, when people from two villages fight for basic facilities at the local level, such a conflict should be classified as ‘our state’. When there is any dispute between two states, e.g., water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, it should be categorised as ‘our country’. Similarly, when there is a conflict between two or more nations, e.g., America’s attack on Iraq, it should be categorised as ‘outside India.]

Question 1.
Find out the cause of each of these conflicts. How many of these are related to power sharing disputes ?
Answer:
Students, do yourselves.
[Hints : From the details of the news, you can find the causes of the conflicts. Only those causes are concerned with the sharing of power which are meant for representation in the government or self-government. Identify those and write your answers.]

Question 2.
Which of these conflicts could be resolved by working out power- sharing arrangements ?
Answer:
Students, do yourselves.
[Hints : While answering this question, first try to identify the conflict which relates to the sharing of power. For answering, you must know the issues related to power sharing.]

Let us Revise (Page 6)

Question 1.
Annette studies in a Dutch medium school in the northern region of Belgium. Many French-speaking students in her school want the medium of instruction to be French. Selvi studies in a school in the northern region of Sri Lanka. All the students in her school are Tamil speaking and they want the medium of instruction to be Tamil. If the parents of Annette and Selvi were to approach respective governments to realise the desire of the child who is more likely to succeed ? And why ?
Answer:
The parents of Annette are more likely to succeed. Because, in Belgium, the community government is elected by the people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French or German speaking. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and language related issues. On the other hand, in Sri Lanka, education is taken care of, by the central government. And for common people, it is almost impossible to consult the central government and make it solve such a problem.

In-Text Question (Page 7)

Question 1.
(i) Can you help poor Vikram in answering Vetal ?
“If you had the power to rewrite the rules in Lebanon, what would you do ?
Answer:
Democracy is a government “of the people, by the people and for the people”. But it doesn’t mean to make a situation that can cause disturbances and bloodsheds in the society. It is based on “live and let live”. So, if there is an agreement among different communities of the country on the basis of fixed power sharing, it is right. There is no need to rewrite the rule.

(ii) Would you adopt the ‘regular’ rules followed everywhere, as Khalil suggests ? Or stick to the old rules ? Or do something else ?
Answer:
If the rules of Lebanon is providing all the people to caste vote and contest elections as per agreement of power sharing among different communities, I would not adopt the ‘regular’ rules followed everywhere, as Khalil suggests. I would stick to the rules made after agreement among different communities. I don’t need to do something else.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Let’s Read the Cartoon (Page 8)

Question 1.
In 2005 some new laws were made in Russia giving more powers to its president. During the same time the US president visited Russia. What, according to this cartoon, is the relationship between democracy and concentration of powei??’ Can you think* of some other examples to illustrate the point being made here ?
Answer:
(1) Democracy, in general, represents the will of the common people. But when the power is concentrated in a particular hand, in a democratic government, this individual outlasts the will of the common people. The same thing has been shown in the cartoon where democracy is run by selected people, at their will, without taking care of the will of the general people.

(2) Pakistan and Iraq also reforesent the similar situation.

In-Text Question (Page 9)

Question 1.
In my school, the class monitor changes every month. Is that what you call a power sharing arrangement ?
Answer:
No, the changing of class monitor every month cannot be called a power sharing arrangement. Because, in power sharing arrangement, there are different institutions and interest groups which exercise their power and check the actions of each others. This arrangement is also called a system of checks and balances.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Let us Revise (Page 10)

Question 1.
Here are some examples of power sharing. Which of the four types of power sharing do these represent ? Who is sharing power with whom ?
The Bombay High Court ordered the Maharashtra state government to immediately take action and improve living conditions for the 2,000-odd children at seven children’s homes in Mumbai.
Answer:
(1) This is an example of power sharing among different organs of the government.
(2) Here, the power is shared between the judiciary and the executive.

Question 2.
The government of Ontario state in Canada has agreed to a land claim settlement with the aboriginal community. The minister responsible for Native Affairs announced that the government will work with aboriginal people in a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation.
Answer:
(1) This is an example of sharing of power among different social groups.
(2) Here, the power is shared between the aboriginals and other social groups.

Question 3.
Russia’s two influential political parties, the Union of Right Forces (SPS) and the Liberal Yabloko Movement agreed to unite their organisations into a strong right-wing coalition. They propose to have a common list of candidates in the next parliamentary elections.
Answer:
(1) This is an example of power sharing arrangements in the way political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence power.
(2) Here, the power is being shared between SPS and the Liberal Yabloko Movement.

Question 4.
The finance ministers of various states in Nigeria got together and demanded that the federal government declare its sources of income. They also wanted to know the formula by which the revenue is distributed to various state governments.
Answer:
(1) This is an example of power sharing among governments at different levels.
(2) Here, the power is being shared between federal and state governments and also among the state governments.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.

What are the different forms of power sharing in modem democracies? Give an example of each of these.
Answer:
Following are the different forms of power sharing in modem democracies—
(1) Among different organs of government — For example, between executive, legislature and judiciary.
(2) Among governments at different levels — For example, between central and state governments, among the state governments, etc.
(3) Among different social groups — For example, among majority, minority, backward classes, women, tribals, etc.
(4) Among political parties, pressure groups, movements — For example, two or more political parties when make an alliance to form a coalition government.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 2.
State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
Answer:
(1) Prudential reason : India is a country of diverse population where the society has caste system. Each caste has its own interests. Some are dominant classes and some are backward. So to avoid any possible social conflict and political instability, power sharing is a must. This is called prudential approach.

(2) Moral reason : Similarly, from time immemorial, backward classes have been deprived of their political rights. They, however, form the majority population but have minimal participation in political activities. So, they should be given ample chance to participate in the political process. This is called moral approach.

Question 3.
After reading this chapter, three students drew different conclusions. Which of these do you agree with and why ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Thomman — Power sharing is necessary only in societies which have religious, linguistic or ethnic divisions.
Mathayi — Power sharing is suited only for big countries that have regional divisions.
Ouseph — Every society needs some form of power sharing even if they are small or do ‘not have social divisions.
Answer:
I agree with the conclusion reached at by Ouseph that every society needs some form of power sharing even if they are small or do not have social divisions.’This is because it is the basic principle of democracy that people rule themselves through institutions of self-governance. The people have the right to rule themselves the way they want. Even if the society is small or divisionless, it has
its will, which should be given sufficient representation to avoid conflict and political instability.

Question 4.
The mayor of Merchtem, a town near Brussels in Belgium, has defended a ban on speaking French in the town’s schools. He said that the ban would help all non Dutch speakers integrate in this Flemish town. Do you think that this measure is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing arrangements ? Give your reasons in about 50 words.
Answer:
No, in no way this ban is in keeping with the spirit of Belgium’s power sharing, because Belgium is a country of diverse population. In Belgium, 59 per cent people live in the Flemish regions and speak Dutch, while 40 per cent live in Wallonia regions and speak French. If French is banned in Flemish regions, people of Wallonia will demand for a ban on Dutch in their area. This will give rise to social conflict and political instability. Under the Belgian model of power sharing, where minority in a region has been given equal representation, ban on any language is not keeping with this spirit.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 5.
Read the following passage and pick out any one of the prudential reasons for power sharing offered in this.
“We need to give more power to the Panchayats to realise the dream of Mahatma Gandhi and the hopes of the makers of our Constitution. Panchayati Raj establishes true democracy. It restores power to the only place where power belongs in a democracy in the hands of the people. Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency. When people participate in the planning and implementation of developmental schemes, they would naturally exercise greater control over these schemes. This would eliminate the corrupt middlemen. Thus, Panchayati Raj will strengthen the foundations of our democracy.”
Answer:
“Giving power to Panchayats is also a way to reduce corruption and increase administrative efficiency.”

Question 6.
Different arguments are usually put forth in favour of and against power sharing. Identify those which are in favour of power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below ?
Power sharing :
A. reduces conflict among different communities
B. decreases the possibility of arbitrariness
C. delays decision making process
D. accommodates diversities
E. increases instability and divisiveness
F. promotes people’s participation in government
G. undermines the unity of a country
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing - 1
(a) A B D F
(b) A C E F
(c) A B D G
(d) B C D G
Answer:
(a) A, B, D, F.

Question 7.
Consider the following statements about power sharing arrangements in Belgium and Sri Lanka.
A. In Belgium, the Dutch speaking majority people tried to impose their domination on the minority French¬speaking community.
B. In Sri Lanka, the policies of government sought to ensure the dominance of the Sinhala-speaking majority.
C. The Tamils in Sri Lanka demanded a federal arrangement of power sharing to protect their culture, language and equality of opportunity in education and jobs.
D. The transformation of Belgium -from unitary government to a federal one prevented a possible divi¬sion of the country on linguistic lines.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) C and D
(d) B, C and D.
Answer:
(a) A, B, C and D.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 8.
Match, hist 1 (forms of power sharing) with, hist II (forms of government) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing - 2
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing - 3
Answer:
(c) B, D, A, C.

Question 9.
Consider the following two statements on power sharing and select the answer using the codes given below :
(A) Power sharing is good for democracy.
(B) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.

Which of these statements are true and false ?
(a) A is true but B is false
(b) Both A and B are true
(c) Both A and B are false
(d) A is false but B is true
Answer:
(b) Both A and B are true.

UP Board Class 10 Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing Additional Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1.
Buddhism is the major religion of:
(a) India
(b) Pakistan
(c) Nepal
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer:
(d) Sri Lanka

Question 2.
Which of the following languages is NOT spoken in Belgium ?
(a) French
(b) Dutch
(c) Spanish
(d) German
Answer:
(c) Spanish

Question 3.
Majoritarianism is followed in which of the following countries ?
(a) Belgium
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) England
(d) Russia
Answer:
(b) Sri Lanka

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 4.
Apart from the Central and the State Governments, which is the third type of government practised in Belgium ?
(a) Local government
(b) Municipal government
(c) Community government
(d) Ethnic government
Answer:
(c) Community government

Question 5.
Which one of the following is a very important moral reason for power sharing ?
(а) It reduces conflicts.
(b) It ensures stability.
(c) It keeps the country united.
(d) It keeps up the spirit of democracy. ,
Answer:
(d ) It keeps up the spirit of democracy

Fill in the blanks :

Question 6.
In Belgium the percentage of French speaking community is…………
Answer:
40%

Question 7.
Sri Lanka become independent in the year……………
Answer:
1948

Question 8.
The capital of Belgium is………….
Answer:
Brussels

Question 9.
Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between…………..
Answer:
Social groups

State whether the following statements are True or False:

Question 10.
Belgium is a small country of Asia.
Answer:
False

Question 11.
Sinhala was recognized as the official language in Sri Lanka.
Answer:
True

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 12.
The Belgian leaders amended their Constitution four times between 1970 and 1993.
Answer:
True

Question 13 .
Power sharing helps to increase the possibility of conflict between social groups.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions (VSAQs)

Question 14.
Which two languages are generally spoken in Belgium ?
Answer:
French and Dutch

Question 15.
What is Civil War ?
Answer:
A war which is fought between different groups of people who live in the country. ,

Question 16.
Which type of policy was constitutionally adopted by the government of Belgium to honour the diversities ?
Answer:
The policy of community government was constitutionally adopted by the government of Belgium to honour the diversities.

Question 17.
Why is power sharing desirable ?
Answer:
Power sharing is desirable to give due respect to diverse groups and views that exists in a society.

Match the following:

Question 18.
Match the following items given in column A with those in column B.
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing- 4
Answer:
(a) – (ii), (b) – (i), (c) – (iv), (d) – (iii).

Correct the statements and rewrite :

Question 19.
In Sri Lanka, an Act was passed in 1956 to recognize Tamil as the only official language, disregarding Sinhala.
Answer:
In Sri Lanka, an Act was passed in 1956 to recognize Sinhala as the only official language, disregarding Tamil.

Question 20.
Belgium is a small country in Europe and shares borders with France, Italy, Germany and Luxembourg.
Answer:
Belgium is a small country in Europe and shares borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

Arrange in Order/Sequence

Question 21.
(i) Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country.
(ii) An act was passed to recgonise Sinhala as the only official language.
(iii) Several political organizations were formed and demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state).
(iv) All these government measures, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.

Choose the correct option :
(a) (i), (iv), (iii), (it)
(b) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)
(c) (iii),(i), (ii), (iv)
(d) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
Answer:
(b) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Assertion and Reason

Question 22.
In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option :
Assertion (A): Power may be shared among different social groups.
Reason (R) : Community government in Belgium is a good example of this arrangement.
Options :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct example of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct example of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct.
Answer:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct example of A.

Case/Source-Based Integrated Questions

Question 23.
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below :
Belgium is a small country in Europe, smaller ih area than the state of Haryana. It has borders with France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg. It has a population of a little over one crore, about half the population of Haryana.
(i) Which one of the countries does not shares its boundaries with Belgium ?
(a) France
(b) Netherlands
(c) Sweden
(d) Luxemburg
Answer:
(c) Sweden

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

(ii) The population of Belgium is over.
Answer:
one crore

(iii) Where is Belgium situated ?
Answer:
Belgium is situated in Europe.

Question 24.
Study the picture and answer the questions that follows
UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing - 5
(i) What are shown in the above picture.
Answer:
President Putin and Bush are shown in the above picture.

(ii) What, according to this picture/cartoon, is the relationship between democracy and concentration of power ?
Answer:
Democracy, represents the will of the common people. But, when the power is concentrated in a particular hand in a democratic government, this individual outlasts the will of common people.

Subjective Type Questions

Question 25.
What were the two main causes of resentment in Belgium in 1960 ? How was the conflict solved ?
Answer:
(1) The two main causes of resentment in Belgium in 1960 were as follows :
(i) The minority French-speaking community was
relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by majority Dutch-speaking community, who got economic and educational benefit much later.
(ii) In the capital city of Brussels, the Dutch-speaking people constituted minority and was dominated by French-speaking community.
(2) The conflict was solved by recognizing the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Thus, the Belgian leaders took the path of equal opportunity and represents tion for every community in government. There was vertical division of power and community government formed regarding educational, linguistic and cultural issues.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

Question 26.
Do you think that the steps taken by Sri Lankan Government to establish the supremacy of Sinhalas will be long lasting ? Give your view point.
Answer:
(1) Measures : (i) The Act was passed in 1956 to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus, disregarding the Tamils.
(ii) The government followed preferential policies that
favoured Sinhala applicants for university position and government jobs.
(iii) The new Constitution stipulated that the State shall protect and foster Buddhism.

(2) Against : (i) The government measures, coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils.
(ii) They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests.
(iii) As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time.
(iv) The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a civil war.

Question 27.
Mention any three demands of Sri Lankan Tamils. Ans. Demands of Sri Lankan Tamils were as follows :
(1) The Constitution and government policies should not deny them equal political rights.
(2) Tamils should not be discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests.
(3) Tamils should also be an official language.
(4) They should have regional autonomy and equality of- opportunity in securing education and jobs.
(5) The trust between the two communities should be restored.

Question 28.
Describe the tension that existed between the Dutch and the French speaking people in Belgium.
Answer:
(1) Of the country’s total population,59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French.

(2) Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central Government. Some special laws require the support of majority of members from each linguistic group.. No single community can make
decisions unilaterally.

UP Board Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Power Sharing

(3) The minority French-speaking community was relatively rich and powerful. This was resented by the Dutch-speaking community who got the benefit of economic development and education much later.

(4) This led to tensions between the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities during the 1950s and 1960s.

(5) The tension between the two communities was more acute in Brussels. Brussels presented a special problem: the Dutch-speaking people constituted a majority in the country, but a minority in the capital. In the capital city Brussels, 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch speaking.

Question 29.
What is power sharing ? Which power sharing arrangements are in form in modem democracies ?
Answer:
(1) In a democracy, all power does not rest with any one organ of the government, but it is shared properly among legislature, executive and judiciary that is called power-sharing.

(2) (i) Among different organs of government: The different organs of government like legislature, executive and judiciary have power and they mutually exercise control over each other.
(ii) Among governments at different levels: Power is divided between Union and State governments and further between the local bodies.
(iii) Among different local bodies : Different religious, linguistic, tribal and minority groups share powers in different degrees. This may be democratic as in Belgium’or constitutional as in India.
(iv) By political parties, pressure groups and social movements: In the coalition government, small political parties are more important and powerful. Secondly, in the form of procure group, the traders, farmers, industrialists and workers’ associations exercise power on government.

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